Un umshini womoya Kuyidivayisi eyenzelwe guqula amandla e-kinetic omoya abe amandla kagesi ngokusebenzisa i-rotor kanye nejeneretha. Lawa ma-wind turbines ahlukaniswe abe izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: imishini yomoya oqondile futhi i imishini yomoya evundlile eksisi evundlile. Zombili zinezici ezihlukile futhi zisetshenziswa ezimweni ezihlukene kuye ngendawo ezungezile kanye nezidingo zokufaka.
Izinhlobo zemishini yomoya
Kunezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-wind turbines:
- I-Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT): Ikwazi ukuthwebula umoya kusuka kunoma iyiphi indlela futhi inezinga eliphansi lokukhiqiza amandla, okwenza kube kuhle ezindaweni ezinomoya ophansi noma izindawo zasemadolobheni lapho imithethonqubo ivimbela ukufakwa kwezakhiwo ezinkulu.
- I-Horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT): Yiwona osetshenziswa kakhulu emapulazini amakhulu omoya. Ukusebenza kwayo kukhulu futhi isetshenziswa kangcono ezindaweni lapho umoya umkhulu futhi ungashintshi.
I-Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
I-axis wind turbines eqondile, eyaziwa ngokuthi I-VAWT, yilezo lapho i-axis ye-rotor imile ngokuphathelene nomhlabathi. Enye yezinzuzo zabo eziyinhloko ukuthi azidingi izindlela zokuziqondisa ukuze zibambe umoya, njengoba zingakwazi ukusebenza ngaphandle kokuqondisa komoya. Ukwengeza, i-generator kagesi ingatholakala phansi, okwenza ukulungiswa kube lula.
Lezi zinjini zomoya zine- ukusebenza kahle kwamandla okuphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nalezo ezine-eksisi evundlile, kodwa zisasebenza kahle ezindaweni lapho isivinini somoya siphansi noma sishintsha. Ukwengeza, badinga ukuqala ngemoto njengoba bengakwazi ukuziqalela bona ezimweni eziningi.
Izinhlobo zama-wind turbines aqondile
Ngaphakathi kwe-VAWT, kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezingaphansi:
1. I-Savonius Wind Turbine
El Savonius Ingenye yamamodeli alula futhi aqine kakhulu. Ibonakala ngokuba nama-semicircles amabili agudluke avundlile, okudlula kuwo umoya, akhiqize ukunyakaza okujikelezayo. Nakuba ukusebenza kahle kwayo kuphansi, kuyindlela enhle lapho kudingeka khona izinhlelo zokulungisa eziphansi.
2. I-Giromill wind turbine
Lolu hlobo lwenjini yomoya ine- isethi yezindwani eziqondile ehlanganiswe namabha amabili akha i-eksisi eqondile. Umthamo wayo wamandla uyahluka phakathi kuka-10 no-20 kW, okuyenza ibe inketho esebenza kahle kune-Savonius yokufakwa kwezindlu ezincane noma ezohwebo.
3. I-Darrieus Wind Turbine
El UDarrieus Kuwuhlobo oluthuthuke kakhulu olwakhiwe ngalo ama-biconvex amabili noma amathathu. Idizayini yayo ivumela i-wind turbine ukuthi isebenzise kangcono umoya kububanzi besivinini. Kodwa-ke, i-drawback yayo yisidingo se-rotor ye-Savonius noma olunye uhlelo ukuyiqala.
Ukusebenza kwe-axis wind turbine eqondile
Ukusebenza kwe- I-VAWT Ilula uma kuqhathaniswa. Ama-blades ajikeleza eqhutshwa amandla omoya ahamba ngezindlela ezahlukene. Lawa ma-wind turbines njalo ihambisana nomoya, ezivumela ukuthi ziqhubeke nokusebenza ngisho nalapho isivinini somoya siphansi.
Ngenxa yokuthi aminyene kakhulu, izinjini zomoya ze-eksisi eme mpo zikhiqiza amandla amancane uma kuqhathaniswa nozakwabo be-eksisi evundlile. Nokho, zisebenza kahle ngokwanele izicelo ezifana ukushisa ikhaya, gcina izibani noma ngisho shaja kabusha imoto kagesi.
Ama-turbine omoya e-eksisi evundlile
Ama-turbine omoya e-eksisi evundlile yizona ezivame kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezinkulu amapulazi omoya. Lawa ma-wind turbines asebenza kangcono amandla ngenxa yekhono lawo lokukhiqiza amandla ngokuphumelelayo kusuka esivinini somoya ophezulu.
Izingxenye zalawa ma-turbine omoya zibekwe ku-gondola etholakala phezulu kombhoshongo. I-rotor, enama-blade amathathu, ibamba umoya futhi ikhiqize ukunyakaza okujikelezayo okuphindaphindwayo ngo-gearbox ukuze kukhiqizwe ugesi. Lokhu kunyakaza, okukhiqizwa umoya, kuhanjiswa ku-generator eyenza amandla ahanjiswa kugridi.
Iyiphi i-wind turbine esebenza kahle kakhulu?
I-Los imishini yomoya evundlile eksisi evundlile Ngokuvamile zisebenza kahle kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi bangafinyelela isivinini sokujikeleza esiphezulu futhi usebenzise kangcono umoya ezindaweni eziphakeme, lapho isivinini somoya singashintshi futhi sinamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zidinga amagiya ambalwa ukuze kukhuliswe isivinini sokuzungeza, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukusebenzisa kangcono amandla e-kinetic omoya.
Amasu amasha kuma-wind turbines
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, sibone izinto ezintsha ezinhle kubuchwepheshe bomoya. Enye yezinto ezithembisa kakhulu kube yi- Izigayo ezingenasici ze-Vortex, eyakhiwe inkampani yaseSpain. Lolu hlobo lwe-turbine yomoya ngaphandle kwezingxenye ezihambayo luhlose ukunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa futhi lususe umthelela obonakalayo owenziwa izinjini zomoya ezinkulu zendabuko endaweni.
Enye iphrojekthi ye-ambitious yi- Isihlahla somoya. Lo mklamo usebenzisa ama-turbine angama-72 amise okwecele, ahlelwe esihlahleni esiwumshini esikhiqiza amandla ngomoya olula kakhulu. Lolu hlobo lwesakhiwo lungaba luhle ukuba lubekwe emadolobheni, lunikeze umthombo wamandla ovuselelekayo futhi ojabulisa ngobuhle.
Ukusetshenziswa komlando nesimanje kwezinjini zomoya
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla omoya akuyona into entsha. Izigayo zomoya zokuqala zazisetshenziselwa ukumpompa amanzi noma ukugaya okusanhlamvu ezindaweni zasemaphandleni. Nokho, kwaba 70s lapho Denmark wenza ukuzibophezela kwangempela emandleni amakhulu omoya, okwavumela leli zwe ukuba libe ngumkhiqizi oyinhloko wobuchwepheshe bomoya.
Namuhla, izinjini zomoya eziqale zifakwe ezincane ezindaweni zasemaphandleni ziye zangena esikhundleni samapulazi amakhulu omoya akhiqiza amakhulukhulu ama-megawatts wamandla ahlanzekile ukuze asetshenziswe emhlabeni wonke. Izinkampani ezinkulu ezifana Siemens y I-Vestas Bahola ukukhiqizwa kwalobu buchwepheshe.
Ikusasa lezinjini zomoya libandakanya intuthuko enkulu mayelana nokusebenza kahle kanye nezindleko. Kulindeleke ukuthi, ngokufakwa kwe ama-turbines antantayo Offshore, offshore wind izodlala indima ebaluleke nakakhulu ekushintsheleni kumandla avuselelekayo.
Ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwalolu hlobo lokuqamba izinto ezintsha, amandla omoya ayeke ukuba yisixazululo sokuhlola futhi abe ngomunye wemithombo eyinhloko yamandla avuselelekayo emhlabeni jikelele.