La i-methanization Kuyinqubo yemvelo yokuwohloka kwezinto eziphilayo lapho kungabikho umoya-mpilo. Le nqubo ikhiqiza i-biogas, eyakhiwe ngokuyinhloko nge-methane, engasetshenziswa njengomthombo we amandla avuselelweko njengoba kwenzeka kweminye imithombo kusahlolisiswa kancane. Njengamanje, lolu hlobo lwamandla angaziwa luyakhula emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, njengoba lusivumela ukuba sisebenzise izinsiza ebezingamoshwa. Izinkampani eziningi ziphendukela kulobu buchwepheshe ukuze buguqule amandla ahlanzekile futhi asebenzayo.
Ake sihlole amanye alawa masu amanoveli siqale ngezibonelo ezithakazelisayo.
Amakhabe abolile: amajeneretha wamandla
Esifundeni saseFrance, inkampani yezithelo minyaka yonke ibhekana nokulahlekelwa amathani angaba ngu-2000 amakhabe angahlangabezani nezindinganiso zokuthengisa. Ukwelashwa nokuthuthwa kwale mfucumfucu kubiza u-€150.000 ngonyaka. Ngo-2011, inkampani yanquma ukwenza ushintsho futhi yamukela iyunithi ye-methanization eyenziwe yinkampani yaseBelgium. I-GreenWatt.
Imodeli yalobu buchwepheshe obusha ilula kakhulu: izithelo ezisesimweni esibi zigcinwa futhi zonakaliswe amabhaktheriya akhiqiza i-biogas. Le biogas iphinda isetshenziswe ukukhiqiza amandla nokushisa, okunikeza amandla isitshalo. Ukushisa kusetshenziswa embonini ngokwayo, okunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-biogas eyeqile idayiswa ezinkampanini zikagesi, okukhiqiza umthombo owengeziwe wemali engenayo.
Izaqathe ezibolile: omunye umthombo we-biogas
Ngendlela efanayo namakhabe, izaqathi zingasetshenziswa futhi njengomthombo wamandla. Kulokhu, iqembu le-French agri-food liphakathi kwabaholi baseYurophu ekukhiqizeni izaqathi. Ngo-2014, basebenzisana I-GreenWatt ukuthuthukisa iyunithi ye-biomethaniization engaguqula izaqathi ezilimele zibe amandla.
Umthelela ube ubalulekile. Leli qembu liyakwazi ukukhiqiza amandla alingana nokusetshenziswa kwamandla ezindlini ezingaba ngu-420. Izaqathi, ebezingalahlwa, manje seziwumthombo wamandla ovuselelekayo.
Amandla kashizi: ngaphezu komkhiqizo wobisi
Ushizi, ngaphezu kokudla kwawo, ukhiqiza umkhiqizo ongaguqulwa ube amandla. I inyunyana yabakhiqizi bakashizi be-savoy, eFrance, ifake isitshalo se-metanization esisebenzisa i-whey, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-lactoserum, ukuze sikhiqize i-biogas. Lo mkhiqizo uwuketshezi oluphuzi oluvela ngesikhathi sokwenza ushizi.
Ngalesi sitshalo, isifunda sase-Savoy sikhiqiza amandla alinganiselwa ku-3 million kWh ngonyaka. Lesi samba sanele ukumboza ukusetshenziswa kwezakhamuzi eziyi-1500, okubonisa ukubaluleka kokusebenzisa imikhiqizo evela embonini yokudla ukuze kuphehliswe amandla.
Imfucuza yabantu: i-biobus eBristol
E-United Kingdom, ikakhulukazi e-Bristol, kwethulwe iphrojekthi yokuqala ehlanganisa ibhasi elinamafutha aphuma endle yomuntu. Lokhu i-biobus Ikwazi ukuhamba ibanga elingamakhilomitha angu-300 isebenzisa imfucuza yabantu abahlanu kuphela ngonyaka.
I-biogas ekhiqizwa ngokuxutshwa kwendle yomuntu ivumela ukwehlisa ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide kuze kufike ku-30% uma kuqhathaniswa nemoto yendabuko yedizili. Inkampani ephethe iphrojekthi, I-GENeco, iphakamise ukwelula inethiwekhi yamabhasi ngokusebenzisa lolu hlelo lwamandla ahlanzekile, icela uxhaso kuHulumeni waseBrithani. Ngalokhu, kulindeleke ukuthi kuqhubeke nokunciphisa i-carbon footprint yezokuthutha zasemadolobheni.
Imithombo yamandla emisha: ukuqamba okusha okuqhubekayo
Ngaphandle kwezindlela ezishiwo, kuneminye imithombo emisha yamandla avuselelekayo enamandla angavamile:
- I-Bioluminescence: Lobu buchwepheshe obuyingqayizivele buthuthukiswe amagciwane kanye nezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle njenge-jellyfish, busebenzisa ukukhanya okukhiqizwa ezinye izinto eziphilayo ukukhanyisa izindawo ngaphandle kwesidingo sikagesi.
- Amandla emvula: Ijeneretha, eyakhiwe ososayensi baseShayina, iyakwazi ukuthatha amandla e-kinetic akhiqizwa amathonsi emvula awa futhi iwaguqule abe ugesi. Imvula eyodwa ingakhanyisa izibani eziyi-100 ngenxa yokunqwabelana kwala mandla.
- Amandla e-Kinetic: Ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba, izitezi sezisetshenziswa kakade, okuthi lapho zihamba phezu kwazo, ziphehle ugesi owanele ukuze zinike amandla amasistimu okukhanyisa. Kusukela ezitezi zokudansa kuye ezindaweni eziwela abahamba ngezinyawo, lobu buchwepheshe bukhula ngokwandayo.
- Ukugaywa kabusha kwamandla: Ukusebenzisa imfucuza yasemadolobheni nezolimo ukuyiguqula ibe amandla kuwumkhuba okhulayo. Amazwe afana neSweden asevele asebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe ngezinga elikhulu, aze angenise ngisho nodoti kwamanye amazwe ukuze aphehle ugesi.
Amaphrojekthi asathuthuka: kusuka elabhorethri kuya ekusebenzeni
Phakathi kwemithombo yamandla ethuthuke kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe yileyo lapho isayensi ihlale isungula izinto ezintsha. I amandla e-osmotic o amandla aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uthembisa ukuguqula umkhakha wamandla avuselelekayo. Lolu hlobo lwamandla lusekelwe kumehluko wokugcwala kukasawoti phakathi kwamanzi omfula namanzi olwandle. Amazwe afana neNorway asevele enza ucwaningo olunzulu ngalobu buchwepheshe ngenhloso yokusebenzisa imithombo yemvelo ngokuphumelelayo.
Esinye isibonelo sokusungula iphrojekthi I-Geobacter sulfurreducens kwenziwa yiNyuvesi yaseMassachusetts. Kuqukethe ukukhiqiza ugesi kusuka kumswakama womoya usebenzisa amaprotheni emvelo akhulisiwe. Lobu buchwepheshe, obubizwa ngokuthi I-Air-gen, ungavumela ugesi ukuba uphehlwe noma kuphi emhlabeni ngaphandle kokuncika esimweni sezulu esithile, okuvula insimu yamathuba okusetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke.
Ekugcineni, ucwaningo olufana bioluminescence futhi i izitshalo zikagesi Futhi basezigabeni ezithuthukile zokuthuthuka. Nakuba ukuqaliswa kwayo okukhulu kusabonakala kukude, ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kusisondeza futhi eduze nekusasa lapho amandla avuselelekayo kanye nemithombo yamandla engaziwa idlala indima ebalulekile ekusimameni kweplanethi.
Ukufakwa kwale mithombo yamandla emisha endaweni yamanje akugcini nje ngokuba nomthelela omuhle kwezemvelo, kodwa futhi kusivumela ukuba sinciphise izindleko futhi sisebenzise ngokugcwele izinsiza ezitholakalayo. Ikusasa lamandla ngokungangabazeki lilele ekuhlanganisweni kwezindlela zendabuko kanye nezindlela ezintsha njengalezi ezishiwo lapha.
Kunezinzuzo eziningi ze-biogas. Ingasetshenziswa njengokunikezwa kwamandla emahoreni angekho phezulu, ngoba ayidingi ilanga noma umoya ukuyikhiqiza futhi ayidingi amabhethri ukuyinqwabelanisa.