Kwezinye izihloko sikhulume nge-lithosphere, i-biosphere, i-hydrosphere, umkhathi, njll. nazo zonke izici zayo. Ngayinye yalezi zingxenye idlala indima ebalulekile ohlelweni loMhlaba womhlaba. Ukuze kube lula ukufunda nokuhlelwa kwayo kwesayensi, imingcele ecacile iye yachazwa, esivumela ukuthi siqonde kangcono ukusebenzisana kwabo. Ngaphakathi kwalo mbono, igama elithi 'ecosphere' liyavela, umqondo ohlanganisa yonke i-ecosystem yeplanethi. Ivamise ukudideka namagama anjengokuthi 'biosphere' noma 'i-ecosystem', noma kunjalo, I-ecosphere ihlanganisa uhlelo oluphelele kakhulu okuhlanganisa kokubili i-biotic kanye ne-abiotic.
I-ecosphere ichazwa ngokuthi i-ecosystem yomhlaba weplanethi enguMhlaba., okuhlanganisa zonke izinto eziphilayo ku-biosphere kanye nokusebenzisana ezikwakhayo phakathi kwazo kanye nendawo ezungezile. Idlulela ngalé kwempilo ngaphakathi kwe-biosphere, ehlanganisa ubudlelwano be-trophic, imijikelezo ye-biogeochemical kanye nezinqubo phakathi kwezidalwa eziphilayo nezingxenye ezingaphili zesistimu. Indlela ephelele esivumela ukuthi sibone ukuhlobana phakathi kwabaphilayo nabangaphili. Thola okwengeziwe ngokubaluleka kwe-ecosphere yomhlaba wethu!
Iyini i-ecosphere?
I-ecosphere imele inyunyana ye-biosphere kanye nokusebenzisana kwayo nemvelo. Nakuba i-biosphere ilinganiselwe ezintweni eziphilayo nasezindaweni lapho ukuphila kukhula khona, i-ecosphere ingumqondo obanzi ongahlanganisi nje kuphela imvelo. i-geosphere, i-hydrosphere, i-atmosphere kanye ne-biosphere, kodwa futhi ukuxhumana okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwalezi zinhlelo. Lokhu kusebenzisana kubalulekile ekuzinzeni nasekusebenzeni kwe-ecosystem yomhlaba.
Isibonelo, ngenkathi i-biosphere igxile ekutadisheni izitshalo nezilwane ezithile endaweni ethile, i-ecosphere ihlola ukusebenzisana okubanzi okunjengomjikelezo wekhabhoni, ohlanganisa ukushintshaniswa kwegesi phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo nomkhathi, kanye nomjikelezo we-hydrological, ongathonyeli kuphela emhlabeni nasemhlabeni. imvelo yasemanzini, kodwa nasezingeni lomoya nelamanzi ezingeni lomhlaba jikelele.
Izici eziyinhloko
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-ecosphere kusivumela ukuthi sifunde iplanethi enguMhlaba njenge- uhlelo oluvaliwe lapho zonke izakhi zihlobana khona. Kusukela ezilwaneni ezincane kuya ezintweni eziningi zasolwandle, ingxenye ngayinye idlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ibhalansi yendawo ezungezile. Ukuze kube lula ukucwaninga kwalolu xhaxha olukhulu lobudlelwano, i-ecosphere ihlukaniswe yaba amasistimu amancane aziwa ngokuthi izimiso zemvelo.
Njengoba iyisistimu evaliwe, i-ecosphere incike ochungechungeni lwezinqubo zemvelo ukuze ihlale izinzile. Izitshalo, ngokwesibonelo, zenza i-photosynthesis; Le nqubo ivumela ukumuncwa CO2 kanye nokukhululwa kwe umoya-mpilo, okuyisisekelo ekuphileni. Ezinye izinqubo ezibalulekile zihlanganisa umjikelezo wamanzi, osabalalisa umthombo obalulekile emhlabeni wonke, oqinisekisa ukusinda kokubili kwezitshalo nezilwane.
Nokho, i umsebenzi womuntu iphazamisa kakhulu le mijikelezo yemvelo. Izinkinga ezifana ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, lo ukungcola futhi i ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu Ziphazamisa ibhalansi ye-ecosphere, nemiphumela engase ibe yinhlekelele yesikhathi eside.
Izingxenye ze-ecosphere
I-ecosphere yenziwe ngezinto eziphilayo (ama-biotics) futhi engaphili (ama-abiotics). Lezi zigaba ezimbili zisebenzisana ngezinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezivumela ukuphila emhlabeni wethu.
Izakhi ze-Biotic
- Abakhiqizi (ama-autotrophs): Izitshalo, ama-algae kanye nama-microorganisms athile akhiqiza ukudla kwawo kusuka elangeni nge-photosynthesis. Ziyisisekelo sawo wonke amaketanga okudla eMhlabeni.
- Abathengi: Izinto eziphilayo ezincike kwezinye izinto eziphilayo ukuze zidle. Ahlukaniswe abe:
- Okuyinhloko: Izitshalo ezidla izitshalo.
- Abasesibili: Izilwane ezidla inyama ezidla uhlaza.
- ephakeme: Izilwane ezizingela ezinye izilwane ezidla inyama.
- Ama-decomposers: Izidalwa ezinjengamabhaktheriya kanye nesikhunta ezidiliza izinto eziphilayo ezifile, ziphinde zigaywe kabusha imisoco ebalulekile ku-ecosystem.
Izakhi ze-Abiotic
- Phansi: Umthombo womsoco wezitshalo nekhaya lezinto eziningi eziphilayo.
- Amanzi: Ingxenye ebalulekile yazo zonke izinqubo ezibalulekile.
- Umkhathi: Inikeza umoya-mpilo futhi ilawula izinga lokushisa eMhlabeni.
- Isimo sezulu: Izimo zezulu zithinta ngqo ukukhula kwezitshalo nokuphila kwezilwane.
Umehluko phakathi kwe-ecosphere ne-biosphere
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi nakuba amagama e-ecosphere ne-biosphere esetshenziswa ngokushintshana, awafani. Ngenkathi i imvelo inqunyelwe ezindaweni ezithile zoMhlaba lapho kukhona ukuphila, i imvelo Kuhlanganisa ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo nezinto ezingaphili emhlabeni. Lo mqondo obanzi uhlanganisa izakhi ezifana nemijikelezo ye-biogeochemical, ebalulekile ekugcineni impilo nokuzinza kwemvelo yomhlaba wonke.
I-ecosphere ihlanganisa nezinqubo ezifana umjikelezo wekhabhoni, the umjikelezo wamanzi kanye neminye imijikelezo ebalulekile ekulinganiseni kwemvelo kweplanethi. Lezi zinqubo zilawula ukuhamba kwamandla nezinto ngaphakathi kwesistimu yomhlaba.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-NASA kwe-ecosphere
I-NASA yenze ucwaningo olwazama ukuphindaphinda inkimbinkimbi ye-ecosphere yeplanethi ngaphakathi kwesistimu evaliwe enezinga elincane. Lokhu kuhlolwa, okwaziwa ngokuthi "iqanda lengilazi," bekunendilinga evalwe nge-hermetically equkethe amanzi olwandle, izimfanzi, ama-algae, namagciwane. Ngenxa yokukhanya kwelanga okwangena endaweni, i-ecosystem evaliwe yahlala ibhalansi iminyaka eminingi.
Lokhu kuhlolwa bekungabalulekile kuphela ocwaningweni lwe-ecosystem, kodwa kube nemithelela ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwe ohambweni lwasemkhathini, njengoba libonisa ukuthi uhlelo oluvaliwe lungasekela kanjani ukuphila ngaphandle kwesidingo semithombo yangaphandle.
Uyenza kanjani i-ecosphere eyenziwe ekhaya
Indlela ejabulisayo nefundisayo yokufunda okwengeziwe nge-ecosphere nezimiso zayo zokuzilawula ukuzilawula ukwenza i-ecosphere eyenziwe ekhaya. Le nguqulo encane ye-ecosphere ilandela imigomo efanayo nesilingo se-NASA futhi kulula ukuyenza.
Ukuze uqale, uzodinga imbiza yengilazi, inani elincane lamatshe, izitshalo ezithile zasemanzini, nezilwane ezincane ezingenamgogodla, njengezimfanzi noma iminenke. Ngokuvala imbiza ngokuqinile futhi uyibeke ekukhanyeni kwelanga okungaqondile, ungabona ukuthi isistimu ihlala kanjani ibhalansi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uzoqonda ukuthi izitshalo ziwukhiqiza kanjani umoya-mpilo, izilwane ziwudla kanjani lo moya-mpilo, futhi izinto ezibolayo ziphinde zisebenzise izinto eziphilayo.
Lokhu kuhlola kusibonisa ukuthi ibhalansi ibucayi kangakanani ku-ecosphere yomhlaba futhi isinika isifundo ngokubaluleka kokunakekela imvelo. Njengasendaweni ezungezile yeplanethi, izinguquko ezincane ohlelweni oluvaliwe zingaba nemiphumela elimazayo ekuphileni okukuyo.
Gcina i-ecosphere yomhlaba wonke ngokulinganisela kubalulekile ukuze siphile. Ngomthelela okhulayo womsebenzi womuntu, kufanele siqaphele ukubaluleka kwamasu aqhubekayo asiza ukulondoloza lolu hlelo olubalulekile ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.