I-COP29, ingqungquthela yesimo sezulu ebaluleke kakhulu ka-2024, isiqalile e-Baku, e-Azerbaijan. Lo mcimbi, ohlelwe ngaphansi kwesambulela seNhlangano Yezizwe, uhlanganisa abameleli abavela emazweni angu-197, ngenhloso enkulu ukufinyelela esivumelwaneni ngezezimali zesimo sezulu okudingekayo ukubhekana nemiphumela yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Kulo nyaka, enye yezindikimba ezimaphakathi yile indlela yokusabalalisa izimali nokuthi ubani okufanele abeke imali etafuleni, ngokunakekelwa okukhethekile kwezomnotho ezisengozini kakhulu ehlushwa imiphumela yokufudumala kwembulunga ngokuqondile.
Umongo wengqungquthela awuhambisani kakhulu. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi u-2024 uzoba unyaka ofudumele kunawo wonke emlandweni orekhodiwe, udlula umgoqo owesatshwayo wokukhuphuka okungu-1,5º C ezingeni lokushisa elimaphakathi lomhlaba uma kuqhathaniswa namazinga angaphambi kwezimboni. Lo mkhawulo, iSivumelwano saseParis esasiwuhlonze njengokhiye wokugwema imiphumela eyinhlekelele kakhulu yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ubonakala usuzodlulwa.
Indima eyinhloko yezezimali zesimo sezulu
Ezezimali zesimo sezulu yisihloko senkanyezi e-Baku. Le ngqungquthela ibizwe ngokuthi “i-COP yezezimali” ngenxa yokuthi izingxoxo zithinta i Inhloso Ehlanganisiwe Ehlanganisiwe, efuna ukwandisa iminikelo yamazwe athuthukile kwabasengozini kakhulu. Njengamanje, isivumelwano esisebenza kusukela ngo-2015 sithembise ukuhlanganisa ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-100.000 ngonyaka, kodwa lowo mkhawulo ubonakale ungenanele.
Okwe-COP29, inani kulindeleke ukuthi likhuphuke kakhulu. Ngokusho kwe-UN, amazwe asathuthuka azodinga ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1,1 unyaka ngamunye kusukela ngo-2025, futhi isibalo singase sifinyelele ku-1,8 trillion ngo-2030. I-European Union ihamba phambili imizamo kule ndawo, ngethemba lokuhlanganisa njengozakwethu obalulekile ekulweni nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. .
Nokho, inkulumo-mpikiswano ayigcini ngokukhuphula imali. Kubalulekile futhi ukunquma Izimali zizophathwa kanjani nokuthi zizokwabelwa maphi amazwe. Izizwe eziseningizimu yomhlaba yilezo ezifuna ukwabiwa kwezinsiza ngendlela efanele, kuyilapho amandla afana ne-United States ne-Japan ekhuthaza ukubandakanya uxhaso oluzimele ukuze kwehliswe ukuncika ezimalini zikahulumeni.
Ukungabikho okukhulu ezingxoxweni zesimo sezulu
Le ngqungquthela isiqalile ngokungabibikho okubalulekile lokho kungase kuthinte izingxoxo. Umongameli wase-United States, uJoe Biden, noma umlandeli wakhe uDonald Trump (osanda kukhethwa okhethweni) abekho. Esikhundleni sikaBiden, uJohn Podesta, umeluleki ophambili wesimo sezulu eWashington, uhola ithimba laseMelika. UVladimir Putin noXi Jinping, omongameli baseRussia naseChina, nabo ngeke babe khona., okwengeza ukungaqiniseki ezivumelwaneni ezingafinyelelwa.
Ukungabibikho kwabaholi abanjalo kudale ukukhathazeka phakathi kwababambe iqhaza elikhulu ekuguquguqukeni kwesimo sezulu. Kunokwesabela ukuthi ukungazibophezeli kwabo mathupha kungase kubambezele inqubekelaphambili edingekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe isixazululo sesikhathi eside. Ngokuphambene, abaholi abafana noPedro Sánchez, uNdunankulu waseSpain, bazobe bekhona ukuze babambe iqhaza ezingxoxweni, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi babambe iqhaza elibonakalayo ekuthathweni kwezinqumo.
Inselele yokugcina ukufudumala ngaphansi kuka-1,5°C
Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu ze-COP29 ukuthola a Isixazululo esisebenzayo esikwazi ukugcina ukwanda kwamazinga okushisa omhlaba ngaphansi kuka-1,5 °C. Imibiko yakamuva kakhulu evela ezinhlanganweni zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana ne-Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) isivele isikisela ukuthi iplanethi izodlula lo mkhawulo ngo-2024. Leli qiniso, lengezwe ekwandeni kwezimo zezulu ezimbi njengeziphepho, izikhukhula namagagasi okushisa , kwenza ukuphuthuma kwalezi zivumelwano kucace kakhulu kunakuqala.
Nokho, izinqubomgomo zamanje azanele. USimon Stiell, unobhala ophethe we-UN Climate Change, uthe ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kuyaqhubeka kunyukela ku-3°C, okungaba yingozi enkulu esintwini nasemhlabeni. Njengoba bebhekene nalesi simo, ochwepheshe bafuna ukuthi amazwe angcolisa kakhulu, okuhlanganisa namandla angekho, akhulise izibopho zawo zesimo sezulu.
Izenzo eziqondile zokugwema izinhlekelele zesimo sezulu
I-COP29 izophinde ifune izivumelwano ezibambekayo zokuthi ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa ngokukhuphuka kweMali Enqunyelwe Kazwelonke (i-NDC). Amazwe afisa ukuvelela abizelwe ukwethula izinhlelo ezintsha zokusebenza kwesimo sezulu engqungqutheleni elandelayo, ezoba seBrazil.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-COP29 izogxila kulokho osekuxoxiwe ngakho Isikhwama Sokulahlekelwa Nokulimala, eklanyelwe ukunikeza usizo lwezezimali emazweni ahlaselwe kakhulu yizinhlekelele zesimo sezulu. Lesi sikhwama, okwavunywa ukusungulwa kwaso ku-COP27, kusekuningi okumele sikuchaze mayelana nokusebenza kanye nokuxhaswa ngezimali. IBhange Lomhlaba liqokwe njengomphathi walo wesikhashana, nakuba lesi sinqumo singazange sibe ngaphandle kokugxekwa, ikakhulukazi ezizweni eziseningizimu yomhlaba ezingasethembi lesi sikhungo.
Ekugcineni, izinhlangano zezemvelo ziyakugcizelela lokho izinga lamanje lokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni alanele. Nakuba amanye amazwe, njenge-European Union, ethule izinhlelo eziwubugovu zika-2050, imibiko yakamuva ye-UN iphakamisa ukuthi, uma kungathathwa izinyathelo ezinqala, umhlaba uzobhekana nokwanda okuphakathi kuka-2,6, 3,1 no-XNUMX degrees ekupheleni ikhulu leminyaka. Lokhu kuzobeka ingozi eseduze ezigidini zabantu kanye nemvelo.
I-COP29 e-Baku izonquma ekulweni nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni wonke, ikakhulukazi onyakeni lapho kulindeleke khona amarekhodi okushisa kanye nezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu. Njengoba amazwe exoxisana ngezibophezelo zawo zezezimali kanye nokunciphisa intuthu engcolisayo, umhlaba ubhekisisa, uyazi ukuthi le ngqungquthela ingase ibe uphawu lwenguquko emizamweni yabantu yokunciphisa imiphumela elimazayo yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke.