La I-COP16, ebiseCali, e-Colombia, phakathi kuka-October 21 no-November 1, 2024, kwakuyisenzakalo esibalulekile ekulondolozweni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Nakuba inqubekelaphambili ebalulekile yenziwe, i ukuntuleka kwezivumelwano ezindabeni ezibalulekile ezifana nokuxhaswa ngezimali Ushiye ingqungquthela enokunambitheka okubabayo nezinselelo ezinkulu ezisazobhekana nazo.
Lo mcimbi ubuhlanganise izithunywa ezingaphezu kuka-20.000 ezivela emazweni acishe abe ngu-200 edolobheni lesithathu ngobukhulu eColombia. I-ajenda ibigxile ekuqalisweni kokusebenza kwe I-Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, isivumelwano esiyingqopha-mlando esamukelwa ngo-2022 esihlose ukumisa kanye nokubuyisela emuva ukulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ngo-2030. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa zezingxoxo eziqinile, izindaba eziningi ezibalulekile zahlala zingaxazululiwe.
Yini ezuzwe ku-COP16 e-Cali?
Enye yezimpumelelo eziphawuleka kakhulu ze-COP16 kwaba ukudalwa kwe Ingemuva le-Cali, indlela eklanyelwe ukusabalalisa kabusha izinzuzo ezitholwe ekusetshenzisweni kwe ukulandelana kwedijithali kwemithombo yofuzo (DSI). Izinkampani emikhakheni efana nemithi, izimonyo kanye ne-biotechnology zinganikela ngephesenti lenzuzo yazo noma imali engenayo esikhwameni.
El U-50% wezimali eziqoqiwe uzoya emiphakathini yendawo kanye neyomdabu, abaye baba ngabanakekeli bezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ngokomlando. Nakuba abanye bebheka isivumelwano njengesinyathelo esibalulekile, abanye basibheka njengesingenele, njengoba ukuhlanganyela kwebhizinisi kuyoba ngokuzithandela. U-Oscar Soria, ovela ku-NGO Common Initiative, ugcizelele ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kwesikhwama kuzoncika kakhulu ekuzimiseleni kwezinkampani ukufaka isandla.
Ukuqashelwa kwabantu bomdabu kanye nenzalo yase-Afro
Enye intuthuko enkulu kwaba ukufakwa a igatsha elingaphansi eliphelele labantu bomdabu kanye nemiphakathi yendawo ngaphakathi kwe-Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Ngokokuqala ngqa, le miphakathi izoba nesikhala esisemthethweni sokweluleka phakathi kwezingxoxo zamazwe ngamazwe ngezinto eziphilayo, ukuqinisekisa ukubamba iqhaza okubonakalayo ekuthathweni kwezinqumo.
Ngokunjalo, ukuqashelwa kweqhaza lika I-Afro-descendants ekongiweni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo Kwakungesinye isenzakalo esiyingqopha-mlando. Nakuba lesi siphakamiso sihlangabezane nokuphikiswa kokuqala kwamazwe ase-Afrika kanye ne-European Union, sagcina sivunyiwe ngenxa yobuholi baseColombia neBrazil.
Isithiyo esikhulu: ukuxhasa ngezimali
Naphezu kwenqubekelaphambili, i-COP16 iphawulwe ukungabi khona kokuvumelana mayelana nodaba lokuxhaswa ngezimali. Enye yezinjongo ezibalulekile zeGlobal Biodiversity Framework kwakuwukuhlanganisa AmaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-20.000 ngonyaka kuze kube ngu-2025 y 30.000 billion kuze kube ngu-2030, okuhloswe ngayo ukusekela amazwe asathuthuka emizamweni yawo yokuvikela izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Nokho, izingxoxo zimile futhi zagcina zimisiwe ngenxa yokushoda kwekhoramu emhlanganweni wangomhla zi-2 kuNovemba.
Amazwe amaningi e-Afrika naseLatin America acele ukuthi kudalwe isikhwama esithile sezinto eziphilayo ezihlukahlukene, esizimele kwi-Global Environment Fund (GEF) yamanje, into i-European Union eyenqaba ngokuphelele. Ukuqina kwezingxoxo kushiye ukwamukelwa kwesu elicacile lokuhlanganisa izinsiza ezidingekayo kusamisiwe.
U-Astrid Schomaker, uNobhala Omkhulu we-CBD, wagqamisa ekuqaleni kwengqungquthela ukuthi impumelelo ye-COP16 incike kakhulu ekhonweni lokuhlanganisa lezi zinsiza. Kodwa-ke, kulandela ukumiswa, izinhlangano eziningi ezifana neGreenpeace zibize lo mphumela ngokuthi "ukwehluleka", kuyilapho i-WWF izwakalise ukukhathazeka ngekusasa lezinhloso zezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo uma izikhala zoxhaso zingavalwa.
Imigomo yomhlaba wonke esengozini
Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu i-COP16 ebhekane nazo ukuthi amazwe angama-44 kuphela kwangu-196 ethule izinhlelo zawo eziphelele zezinhlobonhlobo zemvelo kazwelonke, inombolo enganele ukuhlangabezana nemigomo ebekwe ngo-2022. I-Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework icela amazwe ukuthi avikele ama-30% ezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni ngo-2030, kodwa njengoba kunezinhlelo ezimbalwa zezwe ezikhona, umgomo ubonakala unzima kakhulu.
Ukubambezeleka kokwethulwa kwezinhlelo, kanjalo ukuntuleka kwesivumelwano sezimali, ibeka engozini ukugcwaliseka kwemigomo yokongiwa kwemvelo, okungase kube igalelo elingathi sína emizamweni yomhlaba wonke yokunqanda ukulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Okuhle: ukubamba iqhaza okungakaze kubonwe kanye ne-COP yabantu
Nakuba ukuntuleka kwezivumelwano zezimali kwaba yisithiyo, i-COP16 yabhapathizwa nguSusana Muhamad, umongameli wengqungquthela kanye noNgqongqoshe Wezemvelo eColombia, "I-COP Yabantu". Ukubamba iqhaza kwezinhlangano zomphakathi kube kuhle kakhulu futhi kwakwazi ukuheha ngempela indawo ebizwa ngokuthi iGreen Zone, indawo lapho izakhamizi, amabhizinisi amancane, ama-NGO kanye nemiphakathi yendawo bengabelana ngeziphakamiso zabo kanye nezinhlelo zabo.
UNgqongqoshe u-Muhamad ugcizelele ukubaluleka kokuhlanganisa amazwi abantu bomdabu, imiphakathi yendawo kanye nentsha, abadlala indima ebalulekile emzabalazweni wokusindisa izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ngokwezibalo zikahulumeni, iGreen Zone ihehe abantu abaningi Abantu abangu-800.000 phakathi namasonto amabili omcimbi, ekhombisa ukukhula kokukhathazeka komhlaba wonke ngokuvikelwa kwemvelo.
Izinyathelo ezilandelayo ezibheke ku-COP17
Ngokumiswa kwe-COP16, kulindeleke ukuthi izingxoxo ngezimali ziqale kabusha umhlangano wesikhashana eBangkok ngaphambi kwe-COP17, ezoba se-Armenia ngo-2026. Izingxoxo kuzodingeka zigxile endleleni yokuhlanganisa izinsiza ezidingekayo ukuze kuqaliswe i-Global Biodiversity Framework kanye nendlela yokuqinisekisa ukuthi amazwe amaningi aletha izinhlelo zawo zokusebenza zikazwelonke.
Umphumela walezi zingxoxo uzoba ubalulekile ekugcineni ithemba lokufinyelela imigomo yemvelo ehlukahlukene emhlabeni wonke ngaphambi kokuba kuphuze kakhulu. Njengoba ingaphansi kweminyaka eyisithupha yokufeza izinjongo zika-2030, isikhathi siwumongo futhi izinqumo ezithathwe emihlanganweni elandelayo zizonquma ngekusasa lezinto eziphilayo ezinhlobonhlobo.
Ngaphandle kokungabaza, i-COP16 e-Cali ibe yingqungquthela egcwele ukukhuphuka nokwehla, enentuthuko ebalulekile kodwa nezinselele ezinkulu. Nakuba ukwakhiwa kwesikhwama se-Cali kanye nokuqashelwa kwemiphakathi yendawo kuyintuthuko enkulu, ukuntuleka kwezimali kanye nokubambezeleka kokwethulwa kwezinhlelo zikazwelonke zezinhlobonhlobo zemvelo kushiya amathemba amaningi abekwe kule ngqungquthela emoyeni.