El I-Empty Forest syndrome Kuyinto ethinta kakhulu imvelo yehlathi emhlabeni jikelele. Kubhekiselwa kulawo mahlathi okuthi, nakuba ebonakala eqinile ngaphandle, awanazo izilwane nezitshalo ezibalulekile ekulinganiseni kwawo kwemvelo. Uma uqala ukuyibuka, ingase ibukeke njengehlathi elinempilo, kodwa empeleni, ilahlekelwe yizinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Lolu hlobo lokushabalala, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukushabalala buthule, kunzima ukukubona kuze kube yilapho umonakalo ungalungiseki.
Kulesi sihloko, sizocubungula ngokujulile umqondo wesifo samahlathi esingenalutho, izimbangela ezibangela lokho, imiphumela yemvelo, kanye nezenzo ezingathathwa ukuze kuncishiswe imiphumela yaso. Sizophinde sihlole ukusebenzisana okubalulekile kwebhayoloji okuvumela amahlathi ukuthi ahlale elinganisweni, nokuthi ukulahlekelwa uhlobo olulodwa lwezinhlobo zezilwane kungathinta kanjani yonke i-ecosystem.
Isifo sehlathi esingenalutho
Igama elithi "Empty Forest Syndrome" laqanjwa izazi zesayensi yezinto eziphilayo ezaqaphela ukuthi amanye amahlathi, nakuba ayebonakala esesimweni esihle, ayenenkinga ebalulekile: ukungabibikho kwezilwane nezitshalo ezibalulekile ukuze zivuselelwe. Izihlahla zingase zibe khona, kodwa izilwane ezidlala indima ebalulekile, njengokuhlakazwa kwembewu noma ukuthuthwa kwempova, azikho.
Lokhu syndrome kuwumphumela ukulahleka kwemvelo okubangelwa ukungenelela kwabantu, ukuzingelwa ngokungemthetho kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo. Ngokuvamile izinhlobo eziyinhloko, njengezilwane ezidla ezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye noma abahlakazi bembewu, yizona eziqala ukunyamalala, okubangela ukonakala kancane kwesimiso sezinto eziphilayo. Ngaphandle kokusebenzelana okubalulekile phakathi kwalezi zidalwa eziphilayo, ibhalansi ye-ecosystem iyaphuka, okuholela emjikelezweni wokushabalala okuqhubekayo.
Isici esibalulekile salesi sifo ukuthi asigcini nje ngokunyamalala okubonakalayo kwezinhlobo ezinkulu. Izilwane ezincane ezinesandla ekuvundiseni kwenhlabathi, izinambuzane ezithela impova kanye nabasakaza imbewu abayongayo nazo zingase zibe khona, okubangele ukuba ihlathi lilahlekelwe amandla alo okuzala kabusha.
Ukusebenzisana kwezinto eziphilayo emahlathini
Ukusebenzisana kwezinto eziphilayo kuwukhiye ekusebenzeni kwamahlathi. Lokhu kusebenzisana kubandakanya ubudlelwano obufana ukuzwana, lapho izinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene zizuza khona ngokufanayo, kanye ne umhlaseli - inyamazane, okubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe ukulingana kwabantu. I abasakazi bembewu, njengezinyoni eziyongayo, zibalulekile ekukhuleni kabusha kwezihlahla eziningi emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo nezipholile. Ngaphandle kwalokhu kusebenzisana, umjikelezo wempilo yezihlahla uyaphazamiseka, kuphazamise kakhulu ikhono lazo lokukhula nokwanda.
Ucwaningo lwakamuva olwenziwa eziNtabeni ZaseCantabrian lubonise ukuthi izilwane ezincane ezincelisayo, njengezimpungushe namabheji, zinendima ebalulekile ekusakazeni imbewu yezinhlobo zezitshalo ezibalulekile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amagundane asebenza njengezilwane ezidla imbewu, okuthinta amazinga okuhluma. Lobu budlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwezilwane nezitshalo yibo obuvumela amahlathi ukuthi ahlale enempilo.
Nokho, imithelela yabantu, njengokuzingela nokugawulwa kwamahlathi, iye yaqeda eziningi zalezi zinhlobo emahlathini amaningi emhlabeni. Lokhu sekudale ukuthi imvelo eyonakele, okuthi nakuba iqhubeka ibonakala injalo, izonyamalala. Ingqikithi yalokhu kushabalala buthule kusekelwe ekulahlekelweni kwalokho kuxhumana okusekela ukuphila.
Amahlathi alahlwayo
Amahlathi amaningi alahlekelwe imfuyo yawo manje asebenza njenge amahlathi alahlayo. Nakuba izihlahla ezinkulu zisabonakala, inqubo yokuncipha isiqalile. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu emahlathini alahlekelwe yizilwane ezongayo ezibalulekile ekuhlakazweni kwembewu. Izihlahla ziphila isikhashana, kodwa ukuntuleka kwezithombo ezintsha kulahla imvelo enqubweni yokunyamalala kancane kancane.
Ucwaningo lwe-FAO emahlathini ashisayo luveze ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angama-75 amandla okugcina ikhabhoni kulawa mahlathi ancike ngokungaqondile ezilwaneni. Izilwane azihlakazi nje kuphela imbewu, kodwa futhi zifaka isandla ekujikelezweni kwezakhi zomhlabathi, okunomthelela ekhonweni lehlathi lokumunca i-CO2.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane ezidla uhlaza nezilwane ezidla ezinye zidlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Izilwane ezidla uhlaza zilawula ukukhula ngokweqile kwezitshalo ezithile, kuyilapho izilwane ezidla ezinye zivimbela izilwane ezidla uhlaza ukuba zingalawuleki. Uma lezi zilwane zingekho, izitshalo zibusa izindawo ngokuvamile ebezingeke zikhule kuzo, okubangela ukulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Ukubaluleka kwezinyoni kuma-ecosystem
Izinyoni zidlala indima engenakushintshwa ekusakazeni imbewu. Ezinye izinhlobo ezidla ukonga, njengama- toucan noma opholi, zidla izithelo futhi zisakaze imbewu yazo endle, okwenza izitshalo ezintsha zikhule kwezinye izindawo zehlathi. Ngaphandle kwalezi zinyoni, izinhlobo eziningi zezihlahla bezingeke zikwazi ukukhula kabusha ngokuphumelelayo.
Ucwaningo olwenziwa e-Black Forest yaseJalimane lwembula ukuthi ukunyamalala kwezinyoni ezidla izithelo ehlathini kungase kubangele ukuwa kokuphindukuzalwa okungokwemvelo. Imbewu engahlakazwanga yizinyoni iphelela emhlabathini, lapho idliwa amagundane noma ibole ngaphandle kwethuba lokumila.
Ukuhlukana kwezindawo zokuhlala kungesinye isici esithinta izinyoni. Lapho ihlathi ligawulwa noma lihlukaniswa laba izindawo ezincane, izinhlobo ezidinga izigaba ezinkulu azikwazi ukuqhubeka ziphila, okunciphisa amathuba okuba ihlathi liphinde lithole izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Kubalulekile ukuthi kungagcini nje ukulondolozwa kwehlathi njengesakhiwo somzimba, kodwa futhi ne-ecosystem iyonke, nakho konke ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinhlobo zezilwane. Ukuntuleka kwezilwane ezibalulekile, njengezinyoni ezihlakazayo, kungaba yingozi njengokugawulwa kwamahlathi ngokwako.
Amahlathi omhlaba akuwona nje ikhaya lezihlahla, kodwa inethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi yokusebenzisana kwezinto eziphilayo phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo nezilwane. Lokhu kusebenzisana kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwayo nokuzinza. Ukuqothulwa okuthulile, njengalezo ezibangelwa i-syndrome yehlathi elingenalutho, kungase kungabonakali ngokushesha, kodwa umthelela wakho uyingozi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Uhlobo ngalunye, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi luncane noma lukhulu, lunendima ekulondolozeni ukulingana kwemvelo kwehlathi. Ukuhlukana nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala, kanye nokuxhashazwa ngokweqile kwemithombo, kuholela ekushabalaleni kwezinhlobo eziningi zalezi zinhlobo ezibalulekile, kanye nazo, impilo yalezi zimiso zemvelo. Kubalulekile ukuthi sithathe izinyathelo eziphuthumayo zokubuyisela nokuvikela amahlathi esisenawo.