Izifundazwe zaseCatalan zaseBarcelona naseTarragona zibhekene nesimo esikhathazayo ngokuya nge- ukwanda kwemikhaza ezinyangeni zamuva. Ongoti sebekhiphe izexwayiso mayelana nalezi zinambuzane ezaziwayo ngokudla igazi labantu nezilwane, ezingasabalalisa izifo ezahlukene. Ngezansi, sichaza yonke into odinga ukuyazi mayelana nalolu songo, ukuthi luyithinta kanjani i-Catalonia nokuthi yini ongayenza ukuze uzivikele ekulunyweni komkhaza.
Thika isifo eCatalonia
Okunye okugxilwe kukho manje yi- uhlobo 'Hyalomma lusitanicum', eye yaba nokwanda okwethusayo eCatalonia. Ngokusho kwabezindaba 'i-RAC1', lolu hlobo lwezilwane luphindaphindeke ngokushesha, lubeka ubungozi kubo bobabili abantu nezilwane zasendle ezahlukahlukene. Nakuba ukulunywa kwawo ngokuvamile kungenabuhlungu, imikhaza ithwala izifo ezingaba zimbi kakhulu.
I-Generalitat yaseCatalonia, ngokusebenzisa iwebhusayithi yeGencat, ixwayisa ngezinye zezifo ezingabangelwa ukulunywa umkhaza, okuhlanganisa inkinobho yomkhuhlane, lo Ukwehla kukaLyme, lo encephalitis futhi i I-Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Yize lezi zifo zingakhathaza, ucwaningo olwenziwa yiNyuvesi yaseZaragoza luveze ukuthi ukuba khona kwamagciwane ayingozi, okuhlanganisa ne-hemorrhagic fever, kuncane kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezikhona eCatalonia. Lolu lwazi luyaqinisekisa, nakuba lungasiqedi isidingo sokuphaphama.
Izifunda ezihlaselwe yisishayo
UCarlos Pradera, uchwepheshe wezinambuzane, ubike ukuthi izifunda eziyisishiyagalombili zaseCatalonia, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziseduze nedolobha. Barcelona y I-Tarragona, basengozini yokuhlaselwa kwemikhaza. Izifunda ezisongelwa zihlanganisa I-Baix Llobregat, Garraf, I-Valles Oriental, Valles Occidental, Alt Penedes, Baix Penedes futhi i Maresme. Kulezi zindawo, ukwanda kokuba khona kwemikhaza ye-'Hyalomma lusitanicum' kubonwe.
Lokhu kwanda kwemikhaza kuphinde kuhambisane nokwanda kwezilwane ezifana onogwaja nezingulube zasendle, ezisebenza njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Ukunwetshwa kwezinambuzane akugcini nje ezindaweni zasemakhaya, njengoba kubhalwe nasemapaki asemadolobheni nasezindaweni zokungcebeleka, okwenza kube wudaba olukhathaza umphakathi ngenxa yokuba seduze kwezindawo ezihlala abantu.
Iqhaza lokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ekwandeni
Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kube yisici esibalulekile ekusakazekeni kwemikhaza. Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, kuye kwaphawulwa ukwanda kwamazinga okushisa nezinkathi ezinde ezikhuthaza ukuzala nokuhlala kwalezi zinambuzane. Imikhaza ithola esimweni sezulu esifudumele indawo ekahle yokuthuthukisa, okwenza isimo sibe sibi kakhulu ezifundeni ezifana nalezo ezishiwo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuntuleka kokulawula inani lezingulube zasendle nezinye izilwane zasendle kwenze kwaba lula ukusakazeka kwemikhaza ezindaweni eziseduze nedolobha e-Barcelona naseTarragona. Ukuntuleka kobusika obubandayo, obekuthi esikhathini esidlule bugcine lezi zakhamuzi zingashintshi, kuye kwashubisa isimo, okwenza kube nzima nakakhulu ukumisa ukwanda kwazo.
Amasu okulawula amasha: I-Metagenomics
Uphenyo lwakamuva olwenziwe ngu-Agustín Estrada-Peña, waseNyuvesi yaseZaragoza kanye ne-Agri-Food Institute of Aragón (IA2), lusebenzise indlela i-metagenomics ukukhomba ngokunembe kakhudlwana amagciwane imikhaza engawathwala. Lolu wucwaningo lokuqala lwalolu hlobo eSpain futhi imiphumela yalo ibe yisisekelo ekunqumeni ukuthi, okungenani ezifundazweni zaseBarcelona naseTarragona, amagciwane atholakala emikhazani awameleli ingozi enkulu empilweni yomuntu.
Nge-metagenomics, abacwaningi bakwazi ukukhomba amagciwane amane e-arthropod emikhazeni eqoqiwe, ayikho eyingozi empilweni yabantu. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi imiphumela etholiwe ayikwazi ukudluliselwa kwezinye izifunda zaseSpain, njengoba izimo zezulu nezemvelo zihluka kakhulu.
Iluma kanjani imikhaza
Indlela yokuluma ithikhi iyinkimbinkimbi futhi yakhelwe ukuthi ingabonwa umsingathi. Imikhaza ibheka izimpawu ezifana ne-carbon dioxide ekhishwa izinto eziphilayo, futhi inamathela ngokuqinile esikhumbeni sesilwane noma somuntu esihlangana nayo. Basebenzisa izakhiwo emlonyeni wabo ezaziwa ngokuthi i-chelicerae ukusika isikhumba kanye i-hypostome, isitho esimise njengenaliti, sokumunca igazi.
Esinye sezizathu esenza ukuthi lokhu kulunywa kunganakwa yingoba kudedela amathe nge izinzwa zemvelo, okunciphisa ubuhlungu nokungakhululeki isivakashi esingase sikuzwe. Lokhu kuzivumela ukuthi zidle amahora noma izinsuku.
Izifo ezithwalwa umkhaza
Phakathi kwezifo eziyinhloko ezingadluliswa imikhaza yilezi:
- I-Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: Lesi sifo siyingozi futhi singabangela izimpawu ezimbi, njengokuphuma kwegazi kanye nokushisa okukhulu. Nakuba ukuba khona kwayo eCatalonia kusekuncane, ubungozi akufanele buthathwe kancane.
- Ukwehla kukaLyme: Ibangelwa amagciwane IBorrelia, ingabangela izinkinga zesikhathi eside uma ingelashwa ngendlela efanele.
- Imfiva yezinkinobho: Isifo esibanga ukushisa kakhulu nokuqubuka kwesikhumba.
- I-encephalitis ephethwe umkhaza: Ukutheleleka ngegciwane okuthinta isimiso sezinzwa esimaphakathi futhi kungaholela ekuvuvukeni kobuchopho.
Kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela, ngoba ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi nokwelashwa kungagwema izinkinga ezinkulu zalezi zifo.
Ukuvimbela ukulunywa kophawu
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela ekulunyweni umkhaza ukusebenzisa izindlela ezithile zokuvimbela lapho wenza imisebenzi yangaphandle:
- Sebenzisa izingubo zomkhono omude namasokisi aphezulu ukuze amboze ngokuphelele umzimba, ikakhulukazi phakathi nezinyanga ezifudumele.
- Faka umuthi oxosha izinambuzane ogunyaziwe. Lezi zixosha zingafakwa kuzo zombili izingubo nesikhumba.
- Gwema ukuhamba ezindaweni ezinohlaza olude noma oluminyene, lapho imikhaza ivame ukulinda khona.
- Hlola umzimba nezilwane ezifuywayo lapho ubuya ezindaweni zemvelo ukuze uthole imikhaza enamathiselwe okungenzeka.
Uma uthola umkhaza unamathiselwe esikhunjeni sakho, kungcono ukuwususa ngodlazi olucolisekileyo ngaphandle kokuwuchoboza bese uhlanza indawo ngensipho namanzi. Uma uhlakulela izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane noma ukuqubuka ngemva kokulunywa, kutuswa ukuba uthintane nodokotela ngokushesha.
Isimo sokuhlaselwa kwemikhaza eCatalonia sisaqhubeka nokuba yindaba ekhathazayo. Nakuba amathuba okuthola isifo esiyingozi emancane, ukuvimbela okufanele nokutholwa kusenesikhathi kusabalulekile.