Emhlabeni wamandla avuselelekayo, eminye imithombo eyaziwa kabanzi iyagqama njengamandla elanga nawomoya, kodwa kukhona neminye imithombo engaziwa kangako, njenge Amandla wamanzi olwandle. Lolu hlobo lwamandla avuselelekayo lusebenzisa amagagasi olwandle ukuze luguqule ukuhamba kwamanzi abe ugesi. Kulokhu, a isiteshi samandla olwandle, okuyindawo lapho ukuguqulwa kwamandla e-kinetic amagagasi abe amandla kagesi kwenzeka.
Kulesi sihloko, uzothola ukuthi yini a isiteshi samandla olwandle, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, izici zayo, izinzuzo kanye nokubi, kanye nesimo samanje salobu buchwepheshe emhlabeni.
Amandla omswakama
Ulwandle lunamandla amakhulu angashintshwa abe ugesi kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene. Ngokwe-Institute for Energy Diversification and Saving (IDAE), kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zamandla olwandle:
- Amandla avela emanzini olwandle: Isekelwe ekusebenziseni amandla e-kinetic emisinga yolwandle ukuze kuphehlwe ugesi, okufana nendlela izinjini zomoya ezisebenza ngayo.
- Amandla wamagagasi: Okwaziwa nangokuthi ukunyakaza kwamagagasi, kusebenzisa amandla emishini yokuhamba kwamagagasi.
- Amandla ashisayo olwandle: Itholakala kumehluko wamazinga okushisa phakathi kwamanzi angaphezulu kanye nokujula kolwandle.
- Amandla e-Tidal: Kuthatha ithuba lokuhlehla nokugeleza kwamanzi olwandle, okubangelwa amandla adonsela phansi elanga nenyanga, ukukhiqiza amandla kagesi ngezinjini zomoya.
Phakathi kwazo zonke, i Amandla wamanzi olwandle Igqamile ngokubikezela kwayo. Ama-tides ayizimo zemvelo zezikhathi ezithile futhi ezibikezelwayo, okusivumela ukuba silinganisele ngokunembile ukuthi ugesi ungaphehlwa nini.
Isiteshi samandla olwandle
Una isiteshi samandla olwandle Yindawo lapho ukunyakaza kwamagagasi kuguqulwa kube amandla kagesi. Kunezindlela eziningana zokufeza lokhu, ngayinye inezici zayo ezithile:
Amajeneretha wamanje we-Tidal
I-Los Abakhiqizi be-Tidal Stream (TSG) Bangamajeneretha asebenzisa amandla e-kinetic amanzi anyakazayo, afana nokusebenza kwezinjini zomoya. Le ndlela iyonga kakhulu futhi inomphumela oncishisiwe kwezemvelo uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlelo.
Amadamu amagagasi
Amadamu ama-tidal asebenzisa amandla amanzi angaba khona avela ngenxa yomehluko wezinga phakathi kwamagagasi aphezulu naphansi. Asebenza njengemingcele emikhulu enamaturbines, ngokuvamile akhelwe emnyango wamatheku noma amachibi. Naphezu kwezindleko zabo eziphakeme kanye nomthelela wemvelo abawenzayo, bayakwazi ukukhiqiza amandla njalo.
Amandla ashukumisayo olwandle
Le ndlela isesigabeni setiyori futhi ihlanganisa ezimbili ezedlule. Waziwa ngo I-Dynamic Tidal Power (DTP), kusekelwe ekusebenziseni kokubili amandla e-kinetic namandla angaba khona okugeleza kwamagagasi, ngokwakhiwa kwamadamu amakhulu adala izigaba zamagagasi ahlukahlukene futhi ahlanganise izinjini zabo zomoya.
Ukusebenza kwesikhungo samandla olwandle
Ukusebenza kwe-a isiteshi samandla olwandle Isekelwe ezimisweni zamandla e-kinetic namandla angaba khona, isizakala ngokuhamba kwamanzi akhuphuka futhi ehle namagagasi. Ngokuvamile, atholakala emlonyeni wemifula noma amatheku, lapho amadamu akhiwa khona ngezinjini zomoya phansi.
Idamu elakhiwe idamu ligcwala amagagasi amakhulu futhi liyachitheka lapho amagagasi aphansi. Njengoba amanzi edlula kuma-turbines, akhiqiza ugesi ngenxa yokunyakaza kwama-blade awo. Inqubo yokuguqula amandla incike, ingxenye enkulu, emehlukweni wokuphakama phakathi kwamagagasi aphezulu naphansi: kuphela ezindaweni lapho lo mehluko ungamamitha ayi-5 okungenani (ngokwe-IDAE) ukwakhiwa kwe- isiteshi samandla olwandle.
Izinzuzo nokungalungi
La Amandla wamanzi olwandle inikeza izinzuzo nezinkinga eziningana okufanele zicatshangelwe. Ngezansi, sigqamisa ezinye zezici ezibaluleke kakhulu:
Izinzuzo
- Iwumthombo wamandla kuhlanzekile ezingakhiqizi amagesi abamba ukushisa noma okunye ukungcola.
- Amagagasi engapheleli nokubikezelwa, ukuqinisekisa umthombo wamandla njalo.
- Ayidingi uphethiloli owengeziwe njengoba ikhiqizwa kuphela ukunyakaza kwemvelo kwamanzi.
- Ukugcinwa kwayo kuphansi kakhulu, kune-a Impilo ende ewusizo (ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-75 kwezinye izimo).
nebubi
- Izindleko zokufaka eziphezulu: Ukwakhiwa kwamadamu nezinye izingqalasizinda kubiza kakhulu.
- Umthelela obonakalayo nowemvelo: Amadamu amagagasi angashintsha indawo futhi athinte imvelo yendawo, njengezinyoni zasolwandle noma izinhlobo zasemanzini.
- Kuyindlela esebenzayo kuphela ezindaweni lapho umehluko phakathi kwamagagasi aphezulu naphansi ubalulekile.
Ngaphandle kwalezi zimo ezimbi, amandla olwandle ahlala eyindlela ethembisayo emkhakheni wamandla avuselelekayo, anamandla amakhulu ezindaweni ezithile ezisogwini.
Isimo samanje samandla olwandle emhlabeni jikelele
Kusukela ngo-1966, lapho kuvulwa indawo yokuqala yokuphehla amandla olwandle La Rance, France, ubuchwepheshe buthuthukile, nakuba lusamele ingxenye encane yamandla avuselelekayo emhlabeni jikelele. Amazwe athanda ENingizimu Korea, Canada futhi i United Kingdom Sebevele bakhe izitshalo ezibalulekile zamandla olwandle, kanye ne I-Strait yaseGibraltar ikhonjwe njengendawo enamandla amakhulu eSpain.
Ezinye izinsiza eziphawulekayo emhlabeni jikelele zihlanganisa:
- E-Mutriku, Spain: Nakuba ngokuvamile ihlukaniswa njengamandla olwandle, empeleni isebenzisa amandla amagagasi.
- I-Sihwa Lake, South Korea: Lesi sikhungo singesikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, sinamandla angama-254 MW.
- E-La Rance, France: Isikhungo sokuqala sokuphehla amandla olwandle esake sakhiwa, esasebenza kusukela ngo-1966, sisakhiqiza cishe ama-240 MW.
- I-MayGen Project, eScotland: Ngomthamo ohlongozwayo ongafika ku-398 MW, ingenye yentuthuko ethembisa kakhulu kumandla olwandle.
Ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwezobuchwepheshe namandla anikezwa amandla avuselelekayo, kungenzeka ukuthi amandla olwandle azoqhubeka nokuthuthuka esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, okuvumela ukubamba iqhaza okukhulu ekuxubeni kwamandla omhlaba.