El biogas Iwumthombo wamandla ovuselelekayo otholakala ekuboleni kwezinto eziphilayo ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi ukugaya kwe-anaerobic. Le nqubo ikhiqiza igesi elakhiwe ikakhulukazi i-methane (CH4) kanye ne-carbon dioxide (CO2), engasetshenziswa njengomthombo wamandla. I-Biogas ifana negesi yemvelo ngokwezakhiwo zayo futhi ingasetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ugesi, ekukhiqizeni okushisayo noma njenge-biofuel.
Omunye wemithombo eyinhloko yokukhiqizwa kwe-biogas yile udoti wemvelo, njengodaka olutholakala emfuyweni, ikakhulukazi izingulube. Le mfucumfucu idluliselwa ku-biodigester ngamapayipi, lapho ibola futhi ikhiqize i-biogas. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi emazweni afana neJalimane, kunezitshalo ze-biogas ezingaphezu kuka-10.000 ngenxa yobukhona bayo obuqinile embonini yemfuyo, kuyilapho eSpain, amandla asathuthuka.
Isikhungo se-biogas eCampillos
La isitshalo se-biogas eCampillos, eMálaga, iphrojekthi ebalulekile ekushintsheni kwamandla e-Andalusia. Ivulwe ngoJulayi 2016, isitshalo sinamandla okwelapha kuze kube amathani angama-60.000 we-slurry ngonyaka kanye nokunye udoti wemvelo. Amandla akhiqizwayo ayamangalisa, afinyelela ngaphezu kwalokho 16 million kWh ngonyaka, okuvumela izinkampani zendawo zebhizinisi lezolimo ukuthi zihlomule emthonjeni wamandla onokwethenjelwa nosimeme.
Phakathi kwezinkampani ezihlotshaniswa nalesi sitshalo, okulandelayo kuyagqama: I-PROCAVI, omunye wabakhiqizi abakhulu be-turkey eYurophu, futhi GYPASA, kusukela emkhakheni wengulube. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sitshalo siyakhiqiza amathani ayi-10.000 omquba ngonyaka, ezisetshenziswa njengomanyolo kwezolimo zendawo. Lo mquba uthuthukisa ukuvunda komhlabathi futhi usiza ekunciphiseni isidingo somanyolo wamakhemikhali, ukhuthaza izinqubo zezolimo ezisimeme.
Umthelela kwezemvelo nezenhlalo
Umthelela wemvelo wesitshalo uyaphawuleka, njengoba unomthelela omkhulu ekunciphiseni Ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi lesi sitshalo sinciphisa cishe 13.000 amathani CO2 ngonyaka, okulingana nokususa izimoto ezingaphezu kuka-2.800 emigwaqweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanzwa kwe-slurry kuvimbela ukungcoliswa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kanye nenhlabathi, inkinga enkulu ezindaweni ezinemfuyo ephezulu.
Ngokwenhlalo yomphakathi, lesi sikhungo sibe nomthelela omuhle ngokukhiqiza ukuqashwa kwendawo ekulawuleni udoti nasekukhiqizeni amandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inikeza isibonelo okufanele usilandele kumaphrojekthi wesikhathi esizayo we-agroindustrial biogas eSpain. Imboni yaseCampillos ikhombise ukusebenza kahle kwezomnotho ngaphandle kokuncika osizweni lukahulumeni, okugqamisa ukubaluleka kokukwazi ukwanelisa ugesi ovuselelekayo emiphakathini emincane nezinkampani.
Ukukhiqizwa komquba nokugaya
Enye yemikhiqizo ebaluleke kakhulu yenqubo yokugaya i-anaerobic yi gaya, okuwudoti oqinile obangelwa inqubo yokukhiqiza i-biogas. Lokhu kugaya ukudla kunomsoco futhi kungaguqulwa kube umanyolo we-organic engasetshenziswa kabusha kwezolimo. Embonini yaseCampillos, cishe amathani ayi-10.000 omquba wekhwalithi ephezulu akhiqizwa minyaka yonke.
Umquba okhiqizwa lapha awugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa izinga lomhlabathi kodwa futhi unomthelela emnothweni oyindilinga esifundeni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umjikelezo wokukhiqiza uvalwa ngokusebenzisa udoti wemvelo owawuthathwa njengemfucuza ngaphambili, uwenze izinsiza eziwusizo zokubuyisela kanye nokwenza ngcono inhlabathi yendawo yezolimo.
Ikusasa le-biogas e-Andalusia
I-Andalusia inamandla amakhulu okuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo ezintsha ze-biogas, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinemfuyo ephezulu noma amapulazi ezolimo. Njengamanje, kunezinhlelo ezimbalwa eziqhubekayo, njenge I-Bioreciric en I-Almería nezinye izitshalo ezisafufusa ezifundazweni ezifana neSeville neGranada.
I-Andalusia kulindeleke ukuthi ibe ngumholi kazwelonke ekukhiqizweni kwe-biogas. Isibonelo esicacile yiphrojekthi yesitshalo se-biomethane ku Imithombo ye-Andalusian, Seville, ehlela ukukhiqiza 84,9GWh yamandla ngonyaka, anele ukuhlinzeka ngezindlu eziyi-22.500, nangaphezulu Amathani we-9.500 ye-CO2 igwenyiwe.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo eziningi ze-biogas ye-agro-industrial biogas esifundeni ngeke nje kube nesandla ekwehliseni izinga le-carbon footprint, kodwa kuzophinde kukhuphule ukwakhiwa kwamathuba omsebenzi oluhlaza futhi kugqugquzele ukukwazi ukwanelisa ugesi. Amaphrojekthi afana nalawo aseCampillos amele isinyathelo esibalulekile esiya ekusaseni elizinzile le-Andalusia kanye nezwe lonke.