Izindlu zemvelo: izici, izinzuzo nezinhlobo

Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo kuya ngokuya kukhuthaza amakhaya ukuthi agcineke kakhulu futhi alondoloze imvelo. Izindlu zemvelo yilezo ezazo ukwakhiwa nokusebenza kwazo kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokukhiqizwa kokungcoliswa komoya. Lawa makhaya anciphisa kokubili umthelela wemvelo kanye nezindleko zesikhathi eside ngokusebenza kahle nokusebenzisa izinsiza ezisendaweni yawo.

Ukwakha indlu yemvelo kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezifanele futhi zingakhiqizi imithelela emibi endaweni ezungezile. Kusukela ekukhethweni kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo kuye ekubhekeni kwazo noma ukusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo, izinqumo zedizayini zithonya ngokuqondile ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kwekhaya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zezindlu zemvelo ezivumelana nakho kokubili izinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye nezimo zezulu noma inhloso yokwakhiwa kwazo. Ingabe unentshisekelo yokufunda kabanzi mayelana nezindlu ezizinzile? Qhubeka ufunda!

Izici zezindlu zemvelo

Ngaphambi kokuhlola izinhlobo ezihlukene zezindlu eziluhlaza, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa izici eziwenza azinze. Indlu yemvelo iyikhaya eliklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yemvelo, njengelanga, umoya noma imvula, kuyilapho inciphisa umthelela wayo endaweni ezungezile.

Ukuqinisekisa lokhu kuvumelana phakathi kokusimama nokuhlala kahle, izindlu zemvelo kufanele zihlangabezane nezidingo ezithile kokubili ekwakhiweni kwazo nasekwakhiweni kwazo. Lezi yizici ezibalulekile:

1. Umklamo we-Bioclimatic

I-Bioclimatic design ingenye yezinsika eziyisisekelo ekwakhiweni kwezindlu zemvelo. Kubhekiselwa ekusetshenzisweni kwemithombo yemvelo ukugcina ukunethezeka okushisayo kwekhaya, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuhlala uphendukela ekushiseni okwenziwayo noma amasistimu okupholisa.

Umklamo we-bioclimatic ucabangela isimo sezulu sendawo. Isibonelo, ukuqondisa ikhaya ngaseningizimu ukuze usebenzise inani elikhulu kakhulu lemisebe yelanga etholakala phakathi nosuku, okusiza ukushisa izikhala zangaphakathi phakathi nezinyanga ezibandayo. Izinto ezine-inertia ephezulu yokushisa zisetshenziswa ezigcina ukushisa emini futhi zikukhulule ebusuku.

Ngokufanayo, ukushuba kokufakwa ophahleni nasezindongeni kudlala indima ebalulekile. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukufakwa okunjalo kusebenza njengesithiyo esishisayo, kusiza ukongiwa kwezinga lokushisa kwangaphakathi nokunciphisa isidingo sokushisa noma isimo somoya.

Okokugcina, izindlu zemvelo ezinomklamo we-bioclimatic nazo zivame ukufaka ama-patio angaphakathi noma ukungena komoya okuphambanayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukujikeleza komoya okufanele, okugcina kwehlisa ukusetshenziswa kokungenisa umoya ngemishini.

2. Izinto zokwakha ezinomthwalo wemfanelo

Esinye isici esibalulekile ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezisimeme. Lezi kufanele zibe nezinyathelo eziphansi zemvelo futhi zibe ngokwemvelo, zigaywe kabusha noma zigaywe kabusha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izinto ezidinga amandla amancane ekukhiqizeni nasekuhambeni kwazo. Phakathi kwezinto ezivame kakhulu ukhuni, ubumba noqalo, olunamandla amakhulu okufaka ugesi futhi lusiza ukugcina indawo enempilo ngaphakathi kwekhaya.

Isici esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe ukuthi izinto ezikhethiwe akufanele zikhiphe amagesi anobuthi noma ziguqule izinkambu ze-electromagnetic zemvelo, ngaleyo ndlela ziqinisekise impilo yabantu abahlala khona. Izakhiwo zemvelo zokhuni nobumba, isibonelo, zivumela ukulawulwa komswakama wemvelo, okungavimbela izinkinga zokuphefumula futhi kuthuthukise izinga lomoya wasendlini.

Akukhona nje ukuthi izindlu zakhiwe kanjani, kodwa ukuthi uhlala kanjani kuzo. Ukufaka imikhuba yemvelo empilweni yansuku zonke, njengokugaywa kabusha ngokuqaphela noma ukuphathwa kahle kwamanzi, kubalulekile ekwandiseni umthelela omuhle endaweni ezungezile.

Izinhlobo zezindlu zemvelo

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezindlu zemvelo, kuye ngokuthi kokubili impahla esetshenzisiwe kanye nendawo lapho zakhiwe khona. Lapha sichaza amanye amamodeli avame kakhulu:

1. Izindlu zokhuni zemvelo

Izinkuni zingenye yezinto ezisimeme futhi eziguquguqukayo ezisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezindlu zemvelo. Ikhono layo lokusebenza njengesivikelo esishisayo liyenza ilungele izimo zezulu ezibandayo, ngaphezu kokuba insiza evuselelekayo inqobo nje uma ivela emahlathini aqhubekayo. Kuphinde kube yinto ekwazi ukulawula umswakama ngokwemvelo, okuthuthukisa umuzwa wokunethezeka ngaphakathi kwekhaya.

Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwakha izindlu zamapulangwe zemvelo:

• Isakhiwo selogi esiqinile: Nakuba kungavamile namuhla, ukwakhiwa kwelogi okugcwele kunikeza ubuhle be-rustic futhi kusebenza kahle kakhulu mayelana nokufakwa kwe-thermal.
• Izakhiwo zohlaka olukhanyayo: Lolu hlobo lokwakha lusabalele kakhulu ku-bioconstruction yesimanje. Iyonga kakhulu kunokusebenzisa izingodo ezigcwele futhi ifaneleka kangcono imiklamo yesimanje.

Kuzo zombili izimo, kunconywa ukuthi ugcwalise isakhiwo ngezinto ezengeziwe ezifana nokhokho noma i-cellulose egaywe kabusha ukuze kwandiswe umthamo waso wokufaka.

2. Izindlu zemvelo ezingenzi lutho

Ngaphakathi kwezindlu zemvelo, i izindlu ezingenzi lutho Zigqama ngokuwonga kwazo ngendlela emangalisayo. Lawa makhaya aklanyelwe ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele imithombo yemvelo futhi anciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuze kube yiqanda. Zibonakala ngokuqonda ngqo elangeni (ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezibandayo) kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezinomthamo ophezulu we-thermal inertia.

I-insulation ibalulekile ezindlini ezingenzi lutho, njengoba zifuna ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa ukushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezimweni eziningi lawa makhaya ahlanganisa izinhlelo zokungenisa umoya zemishini ezilawulwayo kanye nokubuyiswa kokushisa, okuvumela ukugcina izinga lokushisa eliqhubekayo ngaphandle kokufaka izindleko ezinkulu ezengeziwe zamandla.

3. Indlu Encane

I-Las Izindlu Ezincane Ziyinto ehlukile ethokozisayo emhlabeni wezindlu zemvelo. Isici sabo esiyinhloko ukuthi mancane kakhulu, okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nesidingo sezinto zokwakha. Ngokuvamile zakhiwe ngokhuni, Izindlu Ezincane ziklanyelwe ukukhuthaza indlela yokuphila ye-minimalist futhi zilungele abantu abanentshisekelo yokunciphisa indawo yabo yemvelo ngangokunokwenzeka.

Naphezu kobukhulu bazo, Izindlu Ezincane Eziningi zifaka ubuchwepheshe obuphambili ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzoneliseka kwamandla. Kusukela kumaphaneli elanga kuya ezinhlelweni zokuvuna amanzi emvula, lawa makhaya alungele imvelo ayisibonelo sendlela yokukhulisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ezindaweni ezincane.

4. Izindlu ze-Bioclimatic

Izindlu ze-Bioclimatic ziyizakhiwo eziklanyelwe ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele izinsiza zemvelo endaweni yazo, njengamandla elanga noma umoya wemvelo. Lawa makhaya avumelana nesimo sezulu sendawo futhi aklanyelwe ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngaphandle kokudela ukunethezeka kwabantu abahlala kuwo.

Isibonelo, ezimweni ezishisayo, ikhaya le-bioclimatic lizosebenzisa umthunzi wesihlahla njengengxenye yomklamo walo, linciphise isidingo se-air conditioning. Esikhundleni salokho, ezindaweni ezibandayo, amafasitela azobheka eningizimu ukuze akhulise inani lokukhanya kwelanga phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika, anciphise isidingo sokushisisa okwenziwayo.

Izinzuzo zezindlu zemvelo

Izindlu eziluhlaza zinikeza izinzuzo eziningi kubanikazi kanye nemvelo. Phakathi kwezinzuzo eziphawuleka kakhulu yilezi:

Ukonga Amandla

Ngenxa yezinhlelo zabo zokuvikela ezisebenzayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo, izindlu zemvelo zivumela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwehliswe kakhulu. Lokhu, futhi, kuhumusha izikweletu ezincishisiwe kanye nomthelela ophansi kwemvelo.

Ikhwalithi yomoya ethuthukisiwe

Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingokwemvelo nezingezona ubuthi kunomthelela ekwenzeni ngcono izinga lomoya ngaphakathi kwekhaya. Lesi isici esibaluleke kakhulu kubantu abanenkinga yokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile noma izinkinga zokuphefumula.

Induduzo enkulu

Idizayini ye-bioclimatic kanye nokufakwa okusebenzayo kuqinisekisa ukunethezeka okukhulu kokushisa. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusebusika noma ehlobo, izindlu zemvelo zilungiselelwa ukunikeza izinga lokushisa elimnandi ngaphandle kwesidingo sezinhlelo zokupholisa umoya ezikhiqiza amandla aphezulu.

Umthelela omuhle endaweni ezungezile

Ngokusebenzisa izinto ezisimeme kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, amakhaya aluhlaza anciphisa indawo yawo yemvelo. Ziyinketho ekahle yalabo bantu abafuna ukunciphisa umthelela wabo kwezemvelo futhi babe negalelo ekusimameni komhlaba wonke.

Sengiphetha, izindlu zemvelo azimeleli enye indlela esimeme kuphela, kodwa futhi zithuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo yabantu abahlala kuzo. Ngomklamo ofanelekile nezinto zokwakha, kungenzeka ukwakha amakhaya akonga amandla ahlonipha imvelo futhi anciphise umthelela wawo emhlabeni.