E-Vienna, ngesikhathi somhlangano we-European Geosciences Union, kwethulwa isiphakamiso esisha esigqamisa izindawo ezomile njengezindawo ezikahle zokusebenzisa amandla elanga. Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi lezi zindawo zinemisebe yelanga ephezulu kakhulu futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, aziqhudelani ngokusetshenziswa komhlaba nemisebenzi yezolimo noma yasemadolobheni.
Enye yezinselelo ezibaluleke kakhulu zamandla avuselelekayo, ikakhulukazi i-solar, indawo enkulu yomhlaba edingekayo ukufakwa. Nokho, ukusebenzisa izingwadule ezifana neSahara noma i-Atacama kungaba yisixazululo esiphelele uma kubhekwa indawo enkulu etholakalayo kanye nenani elikhulu lemisebe yelanga eziyitholayo.
Izinzuzo zokufaka izitshalo zelanga ezindaweni eziwugwadule
Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa izingwadule zokufakwa kwezitshalo zelanga ziningi. I Izingwadule zithola kufika ku-82% wamahora aqondile elanga, okuqinisekisa izimo ezifanele zokukhiqiza amandla okuqhubekayo. Isibonelo esicacile uGwadule lwase-Atacama, olubhekwa njengendawo enelanga kakhulu emhlabeni, enezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokukhanya kwelanga.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingwadule zinikeza ukutholakala komhlaba okukhulu mahhala emsebenzini womuntu noma wezolimo. Lokhu akusizi nje kuphela ukwakhiwa kwezitshalo zelanga, kodwa futhi kuvumela ukwandiswa kwala maphrojekthi ngaphandle kokukhiqiza izingxabano ngokusetshenziswa komhlaba.
Amandla elanga agxilile: isisombululo sokukhiqiza amandla ahlanzekile
Nakuba izitshalo ze-photovoltaic ziyaziwa kakhulu esizukulwaneni samandla elanga, i Izitshalo zamandla elanga ezigxilisiwe (CSP) Ziyindlela enhle kakhulu yezindawo eziwugwadule. Ngokungafani nama-photovoltaics, lezi zitshalo zingagcina amandla ashisayo ukuze zikhiqize ugesi ngisho nasebusuku.
Embonini ye-CSP, i izibuko zigxilisa ukukhanya kwelanga esamukeli esimaphakathi esifinyelela emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kakhulu. Lokhu kushisa, kusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza isitimu esishayela i-turbine, ekhiqiza ugesi. Lolu hlobo lobuchwepheshe luthakazelisa ikakhulukazi ezingwadule, njengoba imisebe yelanga ihlala njalo futhi iqinisekisa amazinga aphezulu wamandla unyaka wonke.
Izinzuzo zezomnotho nezemvelo
Ngaphezu kwezinzuzo zezobuchwepheshe, ukusebenzisa izingwadule ukukhiqiza amandla elanga inomthelela omuhle ongaba khona emnothweni nakwezemvelo. Ngokwezomnotho, ukukhanya okuphezulu kwalezi zifunda kwenza kube lula ukwehlisa izindleko zokukhiqiza ugesi. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukuthutha ugesi ophehlwa ogwadule olufana neSahara ukuya emadolobheni amakhulu kungabiza amasenti angu-20 kuphela nge-kilowatt/ihora.
Ngokombono wemvelo, umthelela wesitshalo selanga esihlelwe kahle ogwadule sincane. Ngokungafani nezinye izimiso zemvelo ezintekenteke, izingwadule zinezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo eziphansi, okunciphisa ingozi yokuthi la maphrojekthi azothinta kakhulu izilwane noma izitshalo zendawo.
Izinselelo zokuhlela nemvelo
Nokho, ukufaka amaphaneli elanga ogwadule kunezinselele. Enye yezinto eziyinhloko yi- ibanga phakathi kwezingwadule nezindawo zasemadolobheni. Ugesi kumele uthuthwe amabanga amade, okudinga ingqalasizinda yokudlulisa ebizayo neyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukutshalwa kwezimali kumanethiwekhi anamandla kagesi axhuma lezi zindawo emadolobheni amakhulu kuzodingeka, okungase kwenyuse kakhulu izindleko zokuqala.
Enye inselele yile izimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu kanye nokunqwabelana kothuli phezu kwamaphaneli. Iziphepho zesihlabathi kanye nemimoya evuthayo zingathinta ukusebenza kahle kwama-solar panel, okudinga ukunakekelwa njalo, endaweni enjalo engathandeki, kungaba nzima futhi kubize. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushoda kwamanzi kulezi zindawo kubonisa inkinga eyengeziwe yokuhlanza amaphaneli.
Naphezu kwalezi zinselelo, kubalulekile ukubheka amandla amakhulu alezi zindawo ukuze afake isandla ekudambiseni ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi noma iyiphi iphrojekthi ihlelwe ngokucophelela ukuze kuncishiswe imithelela emibi futhi kwandiswe izinzuzo zemvelo.
Umthelela kuma-ecosystem asogwadule
Isici esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe yi- umthelela kuma-ecosystem. Nakuba izingwadule zingase zibonakale ziyinyumba, zinezimiso zemvelo ezilinganiselayo ngobuciko. Izilwane nezitshalo ezihlala lapho zijwayelana nezimo ezimbi kakhulu, futhi ipulazi lelanga elingekho kahle lingaphazamisa izindawo zabo zokuhlala. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhlela okufanele kanye nezinyathelo zokunciphisa, kungenzeka ukunciphisa lezi zingozi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinye izifundo zisikisela ukuthi okuthile Ukungenelela kwelanga kungaba nemiphumela enenzuzo ezindaweni ezihlala ogwadule, ngokudala izinguquko ku-microclimate ethanda izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ucwaningo lwakamuva e-China lubonise ukuthi isitshalo selanga ogwadule ogwadule sathuthukisa izakhiwo zenhlabathi futhi sasekela ukuvuselelwa kwezimila zendawo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezingwadule ukukhiqiza amandla elanga kunamandla amakhulu. Njengoba ukuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe nezisombululo kuthuthukiswa izinselelo zamanje, kungenzeka sibone amaphrojekthi amaningi anjalo esikhathini esizayo.