Faka isandla ukuvikela imvelo kanye nemithombo yemvelo isezandleni zawo wonke umuntu. Yonke inhlamvu yesihlabathi ibalulekile uma kuziwa ekongeni izinsiza, ukugwema ukungcoliswa kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi. Ukufeza lokhu, bayanda abantu nezinkampani abaphendukela kuzo Izinto zemvelo. Lezi zinto azisizi nje kuphela ukuvikela imvelo, kodwa futhi ziqinisa ukusimama kwesikhathi eside.
Lapho kudingeka senze ukulungisa ekhaya noma sakha umsebenzi omusha, ingabe kufanele sinake uhlobo lwezinto esizisebenzisayo? Ngokungangabazeki impendulo inguyebo. Nakisisa izinto esizikhethayo kunciphisa umthelela esiwudalayo endaweni ezungezile ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwethu nokulungiswa kabusha. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izinto zokwakha eziluhlaza kakhulu kanye nezinzuzo ezinikezayo.
Ngaphambi kokwenza ukuqhathanisa nokunikeza uhlu lwezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zemvelo, kubalulekile ukucabangela umjikelezo wempilo wemikhiqizo esizoyisebenzisa.
Uyini umjikelezo wempilo womkhiqizo?
Umjikelezo wempilo yomkhiqizo uhlola umthelela wawo kusukela ngesikhathi owuso impahla eluhlaza lokho kukhishwa emvelweni kuze kube yilapho iguqulwa ibe izinsalela. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuhlaziywa komjikelezo wokuphila (LCA) komkhiqizo kuyawufunda “kusukela ekuzalweni kuya ethuneni”. Lokhu kuhilela ukutadisha ukungcola, izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokuguqulwa kwazo, izinto ezikhishwayo ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza kanye nanoma yikuphi okunye okuguquguqukayo okufanele.
I-LCA iyithuluzi elibalulekile elihlanganisa zonke izinqubo nemisebenzi ehlobene nomkhiqizo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa:
- Hlola imithwalo yemvelo okuhlotshaniswa nomkhiqizo, inqubo yawo noma umsebenzi.
- Khomba futhi ulinganise ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, amandla kanye nekhabhoni ekhiqizwayo.
- Nquma umthelela wezemvelo amandla okusetshenziswa kwemithombo yemvelo kanye nokukhiqizwa kokukhishwa kwegesi.
- Faka isicelo amasu okuthuthukisa imvelo.
Ngenxa yalokhu kuhlaziya, singakwazi ukwazi ukuthi yimiphi imikhiqizo ekhiqiza umthelela omncane kwezemvelo futhi edinga imithombo yemvelo embalwa, ngaleyo ndlela ibe nesandla ekwakhiweni okuzinzile.
Uma sesiwuqonda umjikelezo wempilo wento ngayinye esiyisebenzisayo, singakwazi ukubona ukuthi yiziphi ezivumelana kakhulu nemvelo ukuze kwakhiwe.
Izinto zemvelo zokwakha
Izinto zokuqala okufanele sizicabangele yilezo ezivela ezinqubweni zokugaywa kabusha. Imikhiqizo egaywe kabusha ibalulekile, njengoba isiqede isigaba sokuqala sempilo ewusizo futhi, esikhundleni sokulahlwa njengemfucuza, iphinde ifakwe ochungechungeni lokukhiqiza. Ezinye izibonelo zihlanganisa:
- Ibhokisi kabusha. Le nto isetshenziswa kabanzi emhlabeni wonke ukupakisha nokupakisha. Ngokwenza kabusha amakhadibhodi, sinciphisa ukusika izihlahla, nakho kunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 futhi ikhuthaza ukumuncwa kwekhabhoni ngezihlahla ezishiywe zimile.
- IHempcrete. Le biomaterial ikakhulukazi yakhiwe i-hemp, i-lime namanzi. Akuyona nje into yemvelo ngenxa yekhono layo lokujikeleza umoya nomswakama, kodwa futhi imunca i-carbon dioxide kusuka emkhathini, okwenza kube impahla ye-carbon negative.
- ingilazi egaywe kabusha. Nakulokhu, ukugaywa kabusha kubalulekile. Ukusebenzisa ingilazi egaywe kabusha kusiza ukubuyisela udoti emijikelezweni yokukhiqiza, okuyinto kunciphisa isidingo sokukhishwa kwempahla eluhlaza.
- Bambu. Le nto ayidingi umanyolo ukuze ikhiqize futhi ivuselelwa ngokwemvelo njalo eminyakeni eyi-7. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eyakhe ukukhula okusheshayo nokusimeme ikwenza kube ukukhetha okuthandwayo kwamaphrojekthi aluhlaza.
- I-Adobe. Le nto, eyakhiwe ngodaka, ubumba, isihlabathi namanzi, iyisivikeli esihle kakhulu se-acoustic ne-thermal. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunomthelela ekulawuleni izinga lokushisa langaphakathi lekhaya, ukukhuthaza ukonga amandla ngo ukunciphisa isidingo sokushisa nomoya.
- Utshani. Njenge-adobe, le nto ihlinzeka ngokufakwa kokushisa okuhle kakhulu, okuyenza ibe inketho ephelele ezindlini ezifuna ukusebenza kahle kwamandla.
Izinto ezintsha zemvelo ezisathuthuka
Ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezintsha kuyaqhubeka nokukhula, kuqhutshwa isidingo sokulwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nokukhuthaza ukwakhiwa okuzinzile kanye nemvelo. Lezi zinsiza zihlanganisa:
- I-Mycelium. Le nto, ephuma ezimpandeni zamakhowe, isetshenziselwa ukwakha izinto zokwakha ezivundile ngokugcwele futhi zimelana kakhulu. Ikhono layo lokukhula ngaphandle kokukhanya kwangaphandle noma amandla likwenza kube yisixazululo esithembisayo samaphrojekthi aluhlaza esizayo.
- Ama-Bioplastics. Lezi zinto zenziwe ngemithombo yezitshalo, njengommbila noma umoba, futhi ziyakwazi ukubola ngokwemvelo, okuzenza zibe enye indlela esebenzayo kumapulasitiki endabuko athatha amakhulu eminyaka ukuwohloka.
- i-cellulose egaywe kabusha. Le insulator yemvelo, etholakala ephepheni eligaywe kabusha, inikeza umgoqo omuhle kakhulu oshisayo kanye ne-acoustic, ngaphezu kokumelana nomlilo nezinambuzane ngenxa yokwelashwa kwayo ngosawoti we-borax.
Ukusetshenziswa kukakhonkolo ogaywe kabusha kanye nensimbi
Nakuba ukhonkolo ungenye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakheni namuhla, ukukhiqizwa kwawo kungcolisa kakhulu. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa ukhonkolo owenziwe kabusha Kungenye indlela yemvelo. Lo khonkolo ukhiqizwa ngemfucumfucu kanye nezinto ezigaywe kabusha, kunciphisa kakhulu isidingo sokusebenzisa izinto ezintsha ezingavuthiwe.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, insimbi egaywe kabusha Ngenye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zemvelo. Ingaphinda isetshenziswe ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa izakhiwo zayo, iyenze ilungele ukusetshenziswa okuningi ekwakhiweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugaywa kabusha kwayo kudinga amandla amancane uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhiqizwa kwensimbi entsha.
Amathayela wemvelo nophahla
Ukusetshenziswa kwamathayili emvelo enziwe kusuka izinto ezenziwe kabusha, njengerabha noma amapulasitiki agaywe kabusha, inikeza izinzuzo eziningi endaweni ezungezile. Lawa mathayili alula, aqinile futhi, ekupheleni komjikelezo wempilo yawo, angaphinde asetshenziswe futhi, kunciphise umthelela wawo kwezemvelo.
Enye inketho ekhulayo uphahla oluluhlaza, okuhlanganisa uhlaza phezulu kwezakhiwo. Lezi ziphahleni azigcini nje ukunciphisa ukushisa kwangaphakathi kwendawo, kodwa futhi zisiza ukunciphisa umphumela wesiqhingi sokushisa emadolobheni, zidonsa i-CO2 futhi zikhiqize umoya-mpilo, okuzuzisa imvelo yasemadolobheni.
Imidwebo yemvelo
I-Las upende wemvelo Seziphenduke enye indlela esimeme kunezivamile, njengoba zingenawo ama-volatile organic compounds (VOCs) ayingozi empilweni nasemvelweni. Lawa mapende enziwe ngezithako zemvelo, njengamafutha emifino noma amaminerali, futhi abola kakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela abe nesandla ekwehliseni ukungcoliswa komoya.
Ukwakhiwa okuluhlaza kuhlale kuvela ngenxa yokuqaliswa kokusebenza kwe izinto ezinzileyo kanye nabasunguli abasha abasiza ukunciphisa umthelela kwezemvelo, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla nokuqinisekisa ikusasa elisimeme ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.