Amandla e-Geothermal umthombo wamandla avuselelekayo osebenzisa ukushisa okuvela ngaphakathi eMhlabeni ukuze ukhiqize ugesi, izakhiwo zesimo somoya kanye nokuthola amanzi ashisayo ngendlela yemvelo. Okuvame ukwaziwa kancane uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amandla avuselelekayo Njengelanga noma umoya, amandla e-geothermal anezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi futhi anikeza ukusebenza kahle kwamandla okuphawulekayo.
Amandla la Itholakala futhi icutshungulwe ezindaweni ezithile ezibizwa ngezitshalo zamandla okushisa komhlaba. Kodwa siyini ngempela isitshalo samandla e-geothermal futhi sisebenza kanjani?
Isikhungo samandla kagesi
Isizinda samandla e- geothermal isitshalo esikhiqiza ugesi esinikwa amandla ukushisa komhlaba. Lezi zikhungo ezinesibopho sokukhipha ukushisa emhlabathini ongaphansi zibalulekile ukuguqula amandla ashisayo abe ngugesi ngaphandle kokuncika ezintweni zangaphandle, njengezimo zezulu, ngokungafani nezinye izinto ezivuselelekayo.
Mayelana nomthelela kwezemvelo, ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide kusuka esitshalweni samandla ashisayo Mancane kakhulu kunalawo akhiqizwa izimboni zokubasa. Ngokwesilinganiso, bakhipha ama-45 g we-CO2 kuwo wonke ama-kWh akhiqizwayo, ngaphansi kuka-5% wokukhishwa kwezitshalo zendabuko.
Kodwa-ke, amandla e-geothermal anomkhawulo lapho angasebenza khona kahle, ngenxa yesidingo sokubhoboza uqweqwe loMhlaba ezindaweni ezinokushisa okuphezulu kwe-geothermal. I-United States, iPhilippines kanye ne-Indonesia ziphakathi kwabakhiqizi abakhulu bala mandla ngenxa yezindawo zabo ezinhle.
Naphezu kwamandla ayo, kulinganiselwa ukuthi kuphela u-6,5% womthamo wejiyomethri womhlaba wonke osetshenziswayo, ngokusho kwe-Geothermal Energy Association.
Izinsizakusebenza zamandla we-geothermal
Ukushisa okuvela enkabeni yoMhlaba kudluliselwa ngoqweqwe loMhlaba, olusebenza njengesivikelo. Ukuze kusetshenziswe lokho kushisa, kuyadingeka ukubhoboza emhlabeni, okudinga ingqalasizinda enjengamapayipi nemithombo ye-geothermal.
Ngokuvamile, Inani lamandla e-geothermal atholakalayo liyakhula ngokujula kokumba kanye nokuba seduze konqenqema lwamapuleti e-tectonic, lapho izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu.
Sisebenza kanjani isitshalo sokuphehla ugesi ngokushisa komhlaba?
Inqubo yokuphehla ugesi endaweni yokuphehla ugesi oshisayo isekelwe ekusebenzeni ezinyathelweni ezimbili ezibalulekile: insimu ye-geothermal kanye nesikhungo sokuguqula.
Inkambu ye-geothermal
Inkambu ye-geothermal yindawo lapho i-geothermal gradient iphakeme kakhulu. Ngokujwayelekile, ihambisana ne-aquifer evalekile enamanzi ashisayo, egcinwe ngaphansi kwezingqimba ezingenakunyakaziswa ezigcina ukushisa. Lesi sithako se-geothermal siwumthombo wokushisa okuzosetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ugesi.
Imithombo ekule nsimu ikhipha ingxube yamanzi nesitimu esihanjiswa ngamapayipi esitshalweni, kusetshenziswa isitimu ukushayela izinjini zomoya kanye nokushayela uhlelo lokuphehla ugesi.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza
Inqubo yokukhiqiza iqala ngokukhipha isitimu namanzi ashisayo esizindeni se-geothermal kanye nokudluliselwa kwawo esitshalweni. Uma usulapho, umhwamuko uhlukaniswa noketshezi ngo-a isihlukanisi sesiphepho. Lesi sitimu yisona esenza izinjini zomoya zijikeleze ngesivinini esikhulu (ama-revolution angu-3.600 ngomzuzu), aphehla ugesi.
Amanzi engeziwe aphindiselwa echibini, inqubo eqinisekisa ukusimama kwesistimu. Uma lokhu kuphinda kungenziwanga, insiza izophela, futhi amandla angeke abhekwe njengavuselelekayo.
Izinhlobo zezitshalo zamandla aphuma ngaphansi komhlaba
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zezitshalo ze-geothermal:
Izitshalo zomusi ezomile
Lolu hlobo lwesitshalo lulula kakhulu. Isebenza ngokukhipha isitimu esiqondile emhlabathini ongaphansi emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-150 °C. Lesi sitimu sishayela izinjini eziphehla ugesi.
Izitshalo ze-Flash Steam
Ezitshalweni ze-flash steam, amanzi ashisayo anengcindezi ephezulu akhuphuka emithonjeni, futhi lapho efakwa emathangini anengcindezi ephansi, ingxenye yamanzi iyahwamuka, ishayela ama-turbines.
Izikhungo ze-Binary Cycle Centrals
Izitshalo zamandla omjikelezo kanambambili zisebenza kahle kakhulu futhi zanamuhla. Asebenzisa uketshezi olunephuzu eliphansi lokubilisa ukuze adlulise ukushisa emanzini, futhi ngaleyo ndlela akhiphe isitimu ukuze ama-turbines anyakaze, okuvumela ukusebenza kwawo ngoketshezi emazingeni okushisa afinyelela ku-57 °C.
Ukusebenza kahle kanye nomthelela ophansi wemvelo wezitshalo zomjikelezo kanambambili kuzenza zibe ezemvelo kakhulu, ngoba azikhiphi umusi noma amanye amagesi ngaphandle.
Ukuvela kobuchwepheshe be-geothermal kuye kwavumela ukusetshenziswa okungcono kwemithombo engaphansi komhlaba, ukuthuthukisa ukusimama kwesistimu kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa okuhlobene nokukhiqizwa kwamandla. Njengoba amazwe amaningi etshala imali kulobu buchwepheshe, amandla e-geothermal kulindeleke ukuthi adlale indima ebaluleke nakakhulu ekushintsheni emithonjeni yamandla ehlanzekile, evuselelekayo.