Iplanethi yethu ithola iLanga inani lamandla alingana nama-terawatts angama-89.000 (TW, one trillion watts), okuyisibalo okuphindwe kayizinkulungwane eziyisithupha kunamandla asetshenzisiwe emhlabeni wonke, alinganiselwa ku-16 TW.
Eqinisweni, namandla omoya angaba khona ewodwa angahlinzeka ngogesi ophindwe ka-25 (370 TW) kunalowo odingwa umhlaba. Kuye kwabalwa ukuthi ngamapaki ayisithupha amakhulu abekwe endaweni ekahle (akhiwe ngendlela yokuthi okungenani eyodwa yawo ithole ukukhanya kwelanga ngaso sonke isikhathi) angatholakala. ugesi owanele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zomhlaba jikelele.
- Izitshalo zelanga ezintantayo zithuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwendawo, zisebenzisa izindawo zasemanzini ngaphandle kwenani lemvelo.
- Babekela inselele ukungcola kanye nokushoda komhlaba, okuhlinzeka ngamandla avuselelekayo ezindaweni eziminyene kakhulu.
- Umthamo wayo owengeziwe wokupholisa ukhuphula ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamandla uma kuqhathaniswa namasistimu asekelwe phansi.
Izitshalo zelanga ezintantayo: isixazululo esisha
Izitshalo zelanga ezintantayo zingenye yezixazululo ezintsha kakhulu ngaphakathi kwamandla avuselelekayo. Ahlanganisa ukufakwa kwama-solar panel emanzini njengamadamu, amachibi noma ngisho nolwandle. Lolu hlobo lokufakwa lukhona a inzuzo enkulu Uma kuqhathaniswa nezasemhlabeni: basebenzisa indawo engaphezulu engenakho okunye ukusetshenziswa, benciphisa isidingo sokuhlala ezindaweni ezibalulekile zezolimo noma zemvelo.
Ukufakwa kwamapulazi omoya olwandle kuye kwafakazela ukuthi kuyimpumelelo, futhi lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kuye kwagqugquzela ukuthuthukiswa kwezixazululo ezifanayo kumandla elanga. Njengasemapulazini omoya angasogwini, ukuba khona kwamaphaneli elanga antantayo emanzini ayithinti indawo futhi ayiphazamisi eminye imisebenzi yabantu emhlabeni.
Izitshalo zelanga ezintantayo zisebenza kanjani?
Izitshalo zelanga ezintantayo zisebenza ngokufanayo nezitshalo zasemhlabeni, ezinamaphaneli e-photovoltaic athatha amandla avela elangeni futhi awaguqule abe ugesi. Umehluko omkhulu wukuthi amaphaneli afakwe ezakhiweni ezintantayo eziboshelwe phansi emanzini. Lezi zakhiwo zivumela amaphaneli ukuba ahambe namagagasi, kodwa ahlale ezinzile futhi ephumelelayo.
Isici sobuchwepheshe okufanele sicatshangelwe yi- ukupholisa kwemvelo ehlinzeka ngamanzi kumaphaneli e-photovoltaic. Lokhu kupholisa kusiza ukugcina amaphaneli ekuzinga lokushisa elilungile, okungathuthukisa ukusebenza kwawo kufika ku-10-15%.
Enye inzuzo yezitshalo ezintantayo yikhono lazo loku ukunciphisa ukuhwamuka kwamanzi emachibini. Ngokumboza izindawo ezinkulu zamanzi, amapaneli ahlinzeka ngomthunzi, okunciphisa kakhulu ukuhwamuka. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezifundeni lapho amanzi eyindlala khona.
Izinzuzo zezitshalo zelanga ezintantayo
1. Ukwenza ngcono isikhala: Basebenzisa amanzi amaningi abengase angasebenzi, njengamadamu namachibi.
2. Ukwengeza ukusebenza kahle: Ngenxa yomphumela wokupholisa wamanzi, amaphaneli elanga antantayo agcina izinga lokushisa eliphansi kunalawo asemhlabeni, athuthukisa ukusebenza kokuguqulwa kwamandla.
3. Ukongiwa kwamanzi: Ngokunciphisa ukuhwamuka emanzini noma emanzini, amaphaneli asiza ukulondoloza lesi sisetshenziswa esibalulekile, esibalulekile kakhulu ezindaweni ezinesomiso esivamile.
4. Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla: Amaphaneli elanga antantayo angakhuphula umkhiqizo wawo ezindaweni lapho imisebe yelanga iphezulu, ethuthukisa indawo etholakalayo ngaphandle kwesidingo sokudla umhlaba wezolimo noma wasemadolobheni.
Izinselelo nezinselelo ekusetshenzisweni
Naphezu kwezinzuzo eziningi, izitshalo zelanga ezintantayo nazo zibhekana nezinselele eziningi ezibalulekile. Ikakhulukazi, amagagasi amakhulu olwandle noma isimo sezulu esibi kakhulu angathinta kabi ukuzinza kwezakhiwo ezintantayo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, lezi zindawo ngokuvamile zitholakala emachibini, emachibini noma ezindaweni ezivikelekile.
Enye inkinga ebalulekile yi- i-saltpeter womoya wasolwandle, okubangela ukugqwala kwezakhiwo zensimbi futhi kunciphise ukuphila okuwusizo kwamapaneli elanga. Nakuba ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe buthuthukisiwe ukuze kuncishiswe le miphumela, okuhlanganisa izinto ezimelana nokugqwala, izixazululo zamanje aziqinisekisi impilo ewusizo inqobo nje uma amaphaneli efakiwe emhlabeni.
Izindleko zokufaka esinye isithiyo esikhulu. Izakhiwo ezintantayo nezinhlelo zokubopha zingabiza. Nokho, izinzuzo zesikhathi eside, njengokwenyuka kokusebenza kahle nokongiwa kwamanzi, zingase zikhokhe lezi zindleko zokuqala.
Ukuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe nakho kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukunqoba ezimbalwa zalezi zinselele. Ngokwesibonelo, kuthuthukiswa ubuchwepheshe obusha bokubambelela kanye nezinto ezintantayo ezikwazi ukumelana nezimo ezimbi zasolwandle.
Icala laseShayina: isibonelo senqubekelaphambili
Ezweni elinjenge-China, lapho ukungcoliswa komoya namanzi kuyinkinga ebucayi ethinta izigidi zabantu, izitshalo zelanga ezintantayo zibonakala ziyisixazululo esisebenzayo sokudlulela ku-matrix wokukhiqiza amandla ahlanzekile. Leli zwe libheja kakhulu ngamandla avuselelekayo, okuhlanganisa nelanga.
Uhulumeni waseShayina uzibophezele ekukhuliseni ingxenye yamandla avuselelekayo ekuxubeni kwawo kwamandla ngama-20% eminyakeni ezayo. Lezi zibalo zigcizelela ukubaluleka kwamandla avuselelekayo, hhayi nje kuphela ekwehliseni ukukhishwa kwesisi esingcolisa umoya kodwa nasekuthuthukiseni impilo yomphakathi kanye nokunciphisa ukuthembela emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi.
Ngaphezu kokunciphisa ukungcola, lezi zinhlelo zezitshalo zelanga ezintantayo zivumela iChina ukuthi ihambisane nezinye izizwe ezifana neJapane neNingizimu Korea, eziye zamukela ngempumelelo lobu buchwepheshe emanzini azo amakhulu.
Ukuthuthukiswa nokuqaliswa kwezitshalo zelanga ezintantayo e-China nakwamanye amazwe kubonisa ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe abuthembisi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi bunamandla okuxazulula izinkinga ezibucayi ezihlobene nokutholakala kwendawo yokukhiqiza amandla ahlanzekile.
Ikusasa lelanga elintantayo liqhakazile. Ngokuqhubeka nokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe, ukusebenza kahle kanye nezinto zokwakha, lolu hlobo lwamandla avuselelekayo lungadlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlangabezaneni nesidingo esikhulayo sikagesi emhlabeni wonke ngendlela eqhubekayo.
Kuyangithinta ukuthi kungashiwo endatshaneni yenu ngomphumela wamapaneli elanga ezimpilweni zasolwandle. Uma wazi noma iyiphi i-athikili ngakho, kungakuhle ukuyifunda. Ngiyabonga.