Ukusetshenziswa kwemfucuza ukukhiqiza amandla avuselelekayo kungenye yezisekelo zentuthuko esimeme namuhla. Obunye bobuchwepheshe obuthembisa kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwe biogas, igesi evuselelekayo etholwe ekuvutshelweni kwento ephilayo ngaphansi kwezimo ze-anaerobic. Le nqubo ayinikezi nje amandla ahlanzekile, kodwa futhi isiza ukunciphisa inani lemfucuza ekhiqizwa izimboni zokudla.
Isibonelo esihle kakhulu salobu buchwepheshe imboni yokuhlola ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi angcolile kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-biogas eyenziwe ngaphakathi kohlaka lwe I-LIFE WOGAnMBR iphrojekthi. Le phrojekthi ihlose ukukhiqiza i-biogas kusuka kudoti owenziwe ezimbonini, njengalawo akhiqizwa ukukhiqizwa kwe ama-croquettes aqandisiwe nama-fries ama-french.
I-biogas yenziwa kanjani ngokulahlwa kokudla?
I-Biogas itholakala ngohlelo olubizwa ngokuthi ukugaya kwe-anaerobic, lapho ama-microorganisms ebola khona imfucumfucu endaweni engenawo umoya-mpilo. Ezimbonini zokudla, lezi mfucumfucu ziningi futhi zingabandakanya yonke into kusukela ezinsalela zokudla kuya emafutheni namafutha akhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokucubungula.
Imboni yokuhlola eyakhiwe kuphrojekthi ye-WOGAnMBR isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-AnMBR (I-Anaerobic Bio Reactor Membrane), okuvumela ukuphathwa kahle kwamanzi angcolile alayishwe izinto eziphilayo. I-biogas etholwe kule nqubo ingasetshenziswa njengomthombo wamandla ezitshalweni zezimboni ngokwazo, ukunciphisa ukuncika kwazo emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi.
Izindaba zempumelelo embonini yokudla
Ubuchwepheshe be-AnMBR busetshenziswe ngempumelelo ezimbonini ezimbalwa, njengemboni yokudla eqandisiwe Ama-Eurofrits, etholakala e-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), nase- Mattano eBurgos. Lezi zinkampani zikwazile ukusizakala ngodoti okhiqizwa ezinqubweni zazo zokukhiqiza ukuze zikhiqize i-biogas ezibese ziyisebenzisela ukusetshenziswa ngaphakathi ezimbonini zazo.
Ngaphezu kokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-sludge kanye nokukhiqiza i-biogas, lobu buchwepheshe buvumela futhi izinga eliphezulu lokuhlunga kwamanzi, engasetshenziswa kabusha ukuchelela. Ngale ndlela, izimboni azigcini nje ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwazo kwezinsiza, kodwa futhi zinciphisa inani lemfucuza eziyikhiqizayo.
Elinye icala eligqamile yileli lika I-WELTEC Biopower, eye yaqalisa imboni ye-biogas enkampanini yaseFrance Altho, umkhiqizi wamazambane amazambane. Kulesi sitshalo, udoti okhiqizwayo kanye nodaka oluvela ezinqubweni zokugeza amazambane kusetshenziswa ukukhiqiza i-biomethane, efinyelela ukukhiqizwa kwama-cubic metres angama-200 we-biomethane ngehora, okulingana nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwedolobha elincane.
Ukuba nokwenzeka kwezobuchwepheshe nezomnotho
Endabeni yezitshalo zokuhlola i-Eurofrits ne-Mattano, ukuba nokwenzeka kobuchwepheshe kwalolu hlobo lwephrojekthi kuboniswe ngokufinyelela ku- 9.600 amalitha e-biogas ngosuku ngekhwalithi ye-methane engama-75%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i- ukuzivumelanisa nezimo yobuchwepheshe be-AnMBR ivumela ukuqaliswa kwayo emikhakheni ehlukene yemboni yokudla.
Ukuhlukahluka kobuchwepheshe kuyisihluthulelo, njengoba isitshalo ngasinye singashintshwa kuye ngokuthi izici zamanzi kanye nomthwalo wezinto eziphilayo wemfucuza ekhiqizwayo. Ngale ndlela, noma iyiphi imboni yokudla ekhiqiza imfucuza yezinto eziphilayo ingazuza kulobu buchwepheshe, ithuthukise ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe futhi inciphise ukukhiqizwa kwemfucuza.
Izinkampani zifana Amapulazi eCavendish, iphrosesa yamazambane eCanada, iphinde yabonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kukadoti kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa. Ngokuqalisa imboni ye-biogas, le nkampani yehlise ukuthembela kwayo kuphethiloli wezinto ezimbiwa phansi ngo-30% futhi yehlise ukukhishwa kwegesi ngamathani angu-35.000 ngonyaka.
Ezinye izinzuzo zemvelo
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-biogas akugcini nje kunezinzuzo zamandla, kodwa futhi kunomthelela umnotho oyindilinga ngokuvala umjikelezo wokukhiqiza nokusebenzisa ngendlela ephumelelayo neqhubekayo. Isibonelo, udoti oqinile ovela ohlelweni lokugaya i-anaerobic ungasetshenziswa njenge Umanyolo izinga eliphezulu kwezolimo, ukubuyisela imisoco emhlabathini.
Ukwengeza, ukunciphisa inani lemfucuza ethunyelwa ezindaweni zokulahla imfucumfucu kunciphisa ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa njenge-methane, esiza ukunciphisa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ngokunjalo, njengoba kuye kwaboniswa ekuhlanzweni kwamanzi angcolile okwedlule, amanzi ahlungiwe angasetshenziswa kabusha ezinqubweni zezimboni, okunciphisa isidingo samanzi ezinkampanini.
Ngamafuphi, amaphrojekthi wokukhiqiza i-biogas kusuka kudoti njengalawo avela ama-chips y ama-croquette afriziwe Ziwukubonakaliswa okucacile kokuthi imboni yokudla ingaba isimeme futhi ikwazi ukuzimela, kokubili ngomfutho kanye nemvelo. Ukuhlanganisa lolu hlobo lobuchwepheshe kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile esiya ekusaseni elinobungani bemvelo.