Inkulumompikiswano ngo impilo yebhethri yangempela yezimoto zikagesi Sekuyiminyaka eminingi, impilo yebhethri ibe yinye yezithiyo ezinkulu ekwenzeni igxathu lokuhamba ngaphandle kokukhipha ugesi. Ukwesaba ukuthi ibhethri lizowohloka ngokushesha, lilahlekelwe ububanzi kanye nenani lokuthengisa kabusha, kuye kwaba nzima kakhulu ezinqumweni zokuthenga zabantu ngabanye kanye nezinkampani.
Kodwa-ke, idatha yakamuva eqoqwe eYurophu kusukela ekuhlaziyweni kwe- amabhethri ezimoto zikagesi angaphezu kuka-24.000 Badweba isithombe esihluke kakhulu kunalokho okwakucatshangwa ngaphambili. Izifundo eziqhutshwa ngokuqapha amapulatifomu kanye nezindawo zokuhlola ukuhamba, njengeGeotab kanye ne-Arval Mobility Observatory, zibonisa ukuthi amabhethri anamuhla abonisa ukuqina okukhulu kakhulu kunomcabango ohlangene obangelwa yiwo.
Okushiwo yidatha evela kumabhethri ezimoto zikagesi angu-24.000
Ibhulokhi lokuqala elikhulu lolwazi livela kulwazi oluphelele ukuqapha kwangempela kwamabhethri angu-24.000 kwezimoto zikagesi, eziningi zazo ezihamba emigwaqweni yaseYurophu. Ukuhlaziywa kugxile ekusebenzeni kwazo eminyakeni edlule nasezimweni ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa, kusukela ezimotweni ezimatasa kuya kubashayeli abazimele.
Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi, ngemva cishe iminyaka eyisithupha yokusebenzisa noma cishe amakhilomitha ayi-160.000 ahanjiweAmabhethri amaningi agcina amandla awo okusebenza angaphezu kuka-90%. Ngamanye amazwi, yize kukhona ukulahleka kwebanga, ayesatshwa kakhulu futhi awaphazamisi ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kwansuku zonke kwemoto.
Ngokwemibandela yonyaka, ukuwohloka okujwayelekile kuseduze 1,8% ngonyaka wokusetshenziswaUma sibheka ibanga elide, isilinganiso sokuguguleka sicishe sibe yi-1% kuwo wonke amakhilomitha angu-25.000 ahanjiwe, ngokusho kocwaningo olusekelwe ezitifiketini zesimo sebhethri eziqoqwe emazweni ayi-11 aseYurophu phakathi kuka-2023 no-2025.
Uma zihunyushwa zibe amagama asebenzayo, lezi zibalo zisho ukuthi imoto kagesi yesimanje ingakwazi kudlula kalula iminyaka eyi-12 noma eyi-15 yempilo ewusizo ngaphambi kokuba ibhethri layo lehle liye emazingeni omthamo obhekwa njengomkhawulo ngempela ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemadolobheni noma eziseduze nedolobha.
Umthamo ongaphezu kuka-90% ngemuva kweminyaka yokusetshenziswa kakhulu
Omunye wemiyalezo ebalulekile evela kule X-ray enkulu ukuthi Amabhethri awasheshi ukubola njengoba kwakucatshangwa ngaphambili.Eqinisweni, izimoto eziningi ezihlaziyiwe ziyaqhubeka nokukhombisa amakhono aphezulu kakhulu ngisho nangemva kokuqoqa amamayela, emotweni yenjini yomlilo, ahlotshaniswa nokuphela kokuphila.
Ngokusho kwedatha, cishe Amakhilomitha angu-70.000 ahanjiwe Ngokwesilinganiso, amabhethri agcina u-93% wamandla awo okuqala. Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ngemva kwamakhilomitha angu-160.000 noma iminyaka eyisithupha esendleleni, amaningi asagcina u-90%.
Lokhu kuziphatha kusekela umqondo wokuthi, esizukulwaneni samanje sezimoto zikagesi, Ibhethri lenzelwe ukuhlala cishe impilo yonke yemoto.Njengoba le ngxenye ingamelela phakathi kuka-20% no-40% wezindleko eziphelele zemoto, le datha ibaluleke kakhulu kulabo abahlolisisa ngokucophelela ukukhokhelwa kwentengo yemoto kwesikhathi eside.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, impilo enhle yebhethri inegalelo ngqo ekusebenzeni okuthuthukisiwe. umbono wemakethe yesekendiKuze kube manje, esinye sezithiyo ezinkulu emakethe yezimoto zikagesi ezisetshenzisiwe kwakuwukungaqiniseki mayelana nobubanzi bangempela kanye nezindleko zesikhathi esizayo zokushintsha ibhethri okungenzeka.
Njengoba lobu bufakazi obutholakalayo bukhona, imoto kagesi engamakhilomitha angu-160.000 Ayibe isabhekwa njengomkhiqizo ekupheleni komjikelezo wayo futhi iba yindlela yokuthenga efanelekile, ikakhulukazi uma iqhathaniswa nemoto yenjini yomlilo enebanga elifanayo, enokuguguleka okukhulu kwemishini kanye nezinto eziningi ezingase ziphuke kalula.
Ukuphathwa kokushisa kanye nobuchwepheshe: izihluthulelo zokunciphisa ukuwohloka
Izifundo ezenziwe azigcini nje ngokulinganisa ukulahlekelwa kwamandla, kodwa zihlola izici ezichaza ukuthi kungani amanye amabhethri ewohloka kancane kunamanye. Esinye sezici ezinquma kakhulu yi- ukuphathwa kokushisa kwesistimu yebhethri.
Izimoto ezihlonyiswe nge ifriji engamanzi Zibonisa amazinga okuwohloka aphansi uma kuqhathaniswa namamodeli amadala noma alula athembele kuphela ekupholiseni komoya. Incazelo itholakala kumakhemikhali amaseli e-lithium-ion ngokwawo: ukushisa ngokweqile kungenye yezitha zawo eziyinhloko futhi kusheshisa ukusabela okonakalisa isakhiwo sangaphakathi sebhethri.
Imboni yezimoto ifunde kokuhlangenwe nakho kwegagasi lokuqala lezimoto zikagesi futhi isiqhubekele phambili ukwenziwa kwezinhlelo zokushisa ezisebenzayo okugcina ibhethri lingaphakathi kwebanga lokushisa elifanele. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kobunjiniyela kubonakala ngokucacile ezibalweni zokugcina amandla ezibonwe kumamodeli wakamuva.
Kanye nokuphathwa kwezinga lokushisa, izinhlelo zikagesi kanye nokulawula kuthuthukise kakhulu indlela ukugeleza kwamandla okuphathwa ngayo. Izimoto zesimanje ziyakwazi lawula i-voltage kanye neziqongo zamanje ngesikhathi sokushaja nokukhipha amandla, kunciphisa ukucindezeleka okubhekene namaseli.
Konke lokhu kunegalelo eqinisweni lokuthi ukuwohloka akusabonakali njengenqubo evelele noma engabikezeleki njengoba kwakusatshwa eminyakeni embalwa edlule, okubeka ibhethri ezingeni lokuthembeka eliseduze nelezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile zemoto.
Imikhuba yokushaja: Ingabe ama-fast charger enza umonakalo omkhulu kangaka?
Enye inkolelo esakazeke kabanzi phakathi kwabasebenzisi ihlobene nomthelela we- ukushaja okusheshayo empilweni yebhethriUmqondo wokuthi ukufaka imoto njalo kumashaja anamandla amakhulu kuyayibhubhisa ibhethri eminyakeni embalwa uye wasakazwa kabanzi, kodwa idatha eqoqwe iwufanelekela kakhulu lo mbono.
Ukuhlaziywa kukhombisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe Ukushaja okusheshayo kungasheshisa kancane ukuwohloka. Ngokuphathelene nokushaja okuhamba kancane noma okusheshayo kancane, empeleni lo mphumela awubonakali njengokwakucatshangwa ngaphambili. Isihluthulelo sisekutheni izinhlelo zokuphatha ibhethri zilawula izinga lokushisa futhi zilungise amandla ngokusekelwe esimweni sokushaja.
Izimoto zikagesi zesimanje zifaka i-electronics ekwaziyo lungisa ubukhulu bomthwalo Lokhu kuvimbela ukushisa ngokweqile futhi kunciphisa ukucindezeleka kumaseli lapho ibhethri ligcwele kakhulu noma lingenalutho kakhulu. Ngale ndlela, ukusetshenziswa kaningi kwamashaja asheshayo kuhlala ngaphakathi kwemingcele yokuguguleka efanele.
Ukuze kusetshenziswe ngokujwayelekile eSpain noma kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, hlanganisa umthwalo ojwayelekile ekhaya noma emsebenzini Ngokusekelwe kudatha, ukushaja ngezikhathi ezithile ezindaweni zokushaja okusheshayo ohambweni olude akufanele kube yinkinga enkulu empilweni yebhethri esikhathini esimaphakathi neside.
Kunoma ikuphi, ochwepheshe bayaqhubeka nokuncoma imikhuba elula, njengokugwema ukugcina ibhethri liku-100% noma ku-0% isikhathi eside, nokubeka phambili ukushaja okuhamba kancane noma nini lapho kungenzeka, ukuze ukwandisa isikhathi sokuphila kwesistimu.
Kwenzekani uma ibhethri lehla ngaphansi kuka-80%: impilo yesibili
Ingxoxo mayelana "nokuphila okuwusizo" kwebhethri ivame ukugxila esikhathini lapho lisebenza khona umthamo wehla ngaphansi kuka-70% noma u-80% uma kuqhathaniswa nokwasekuqaleni. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, ukuzimela kungase kungasasebenzi kahle kwezinye izindlela zokusebenzisa, ikakhulukazi uma uhambo olude lwenziwa njalo.
Kodwa ukufinyelela lowo mkhawulo akusho ukuthi ibhethri liyayeka ukusebenza. Ngokuphambene nalokho, lihlala lifanele ngokuphelele izinhlelo zokusebenza zokugcina amandla ezimileLokhu kwaziwa njengokuphila kwesibili. Kulezi zimo, izidingo zamandla kanye nobuningi bamandla zihlukile kulezo ezisembonini yezimoto.
EYurophu, inani elikhulayo lamaphrojekthi wamandla avuselelekayo, ama-microgrid, kanye nezinhlelo zokuzisebenzisa zasekhaya zifunda ukusetshenziswa kwamabhethri avela ezimotweni zikagesi abaqede isigaba sabo sokuqala emgwaqweni. Lokhu kuvumela ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwensiza futhi kunciphisa umthelela wemvelo ohambisana nomjikelezo webhethri ophelele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithuba lokunikeza amabhethri impilo yesibili lapho imoto ingasawadingi ngokugcwele kusiza ekwenzeni ukuthuthukisa ibhalansi yezomnotho ubuchwepheshe. Abakhiqizi kanye nezinkampani zamandla bahlola amamodeli ebhizinisi lapho amabhethri, ngemva kokusetshenziswa kwawo ezimotweni, ehlanganiswa khona ezinhlelweni zokugcina igridi noma zesakhiwo.
Le ndlela yonke inegalelo ekuvaleni umjikelezo wokuhamba kukagesi, yandisa ukusebenza kwengxenye okufanele isetshenziswe ngokugcwele ngenxa yezindleko nezinto zokwakha.
Iziqinisekiso zomkhiqizi kanye nokuzethemba kwabathengi eYurophu
Imiphumela etholwe ekuhlaziyweni kwamabhethri angu-24.000 ayiyona nje into ethakazelisayo kwezemfundo; futhi ithonya indlela Abakhiqizi balinganisa iziqinisekiso zabo kanye nendlela abasebenzisi ababona ngayo ingozi ehlobene nokuthenga imoto kagesi.
Njengamanje, izinhlobo eziningi ezisebenza eSpain nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu zinikeza iwaranti yeminyaka eyisishiyagalombili noma amakhilomitha angu-160.000 ebhethrini elinamandla aphezulu, ngokuvamile kuqinisekisa ukuthi imoto izogcina okungenani iphesenti elithile lomthamo (cishe u-70%) phakathi naleso sikhathi.
Iqiniso lokuthi idatha yangempela ikhombisa ukugcinwa komthamo ngaphezu kuka-90% Ngemva kwalawo makhilomitha afanayo, kusikisela ukuthi abakhiqizi basebenza ngomkhawulo omkhulu wokuphepha. Ngamanye amazwi, iziqinisekiso azifiki kulokho amabhethri amaningi akwazi ukukunikeza ngokusebenza.
Lesi sikhala esihle sisekela impikiswano yokuthi ubuchwepheshe bufinyelele ezingeni lokuvuthwa elanele, ezimweni eziningi, Ibhethri akufanele libe yisithende sayo sika-Achilles. yemoto. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ingagcina iyindawo enamandla uma iqhathaniswa nezinjini ezivuthayo, ezidinga ukulungiswa okwengeziwe futhi ezinezingxenye eziningi ezisengozini yokuguga.
Njengoba lolu lwazi luba lwazi kabanzi emakethe yaseYurophu, ukungafuni ngokwengqondo kwabathengi abaningi Kuqala ukunyamalala. Kubantu ngabanye kanye nezinkampani ezinombono wesikhathi eside, ukuba nezibalo ezinjalo eziphelele kubalulekile lapho kunqunywa ukuthi bazotshala imali yini ezindizeni zikagesi noma bashintshe izimoto zabo ngemodeli engenawo ugesi.
Umthetho waseYurophu: izitifiketi kanye "nepasipoti yedijithali" yebhethri
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, uhlaka lokulawula lwaseYurophu luthatha izinyathelo zokufaka isandla ukucaca okukhulu kanye nokulandeleka Ngokuphathelene nokusetshenziswa kwebhethri. Kusukela ngo-2027, imithethonqubo ye-European Union izodinga ukuthi zonke izimoto zikagesi zibonise ngokucacile isimo sempilo yebhethri lazo emotweni uqobo.
Lesi sibonakaliso, esaziwa ngokuthi I-SOCE (Isimo Samandla Esiqinisekisiwe)Lokhu kuzovumela umshayeli ukuthi azi ngokunemba okukhulu ukuthi ingakanani i-capacity yangempela yemoto etholakalayo uma iqhathaniswa nemininingwane yokuqala. Lokhu kunciphisa ukuthembela ezilinganisweni ezingahleliwe futhi kunikeza isilinganiso esiqondile lapho kulinganiswa imoto, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi intsha noma isetshenzisiwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibhethri ngalinye lizoba ne- ipasipoti yedijithali ezoqopha umlando wayo: amaphethini okusetshenziswa, imijikelezo yokushaja, ukuwohloka okuqongelelekayo, kanye nezitifiketi ezisemthethweni. Leli rekhodi lizokwenza kube lula ukulandelela ingxenye kuyo yonke impilo yayo, okuhlanganisa nokuphila kwesibili okungenzeka ezinhlelweni ezimile.
Emakethe yezimoto ezisetshenzisiwe, lo mthetho ungaba yiphuzu lokushintsha. izitifiketi ezijwayelekile kanye nedatha eqinisekisiwe Ulwazi mayelana nempilo yebhethri luzosiza ekunciphiseni ukungaqiniseki futhi lubeke amanani ahambisana kakhulu neqiniso lomkhiqizo, kugwenywe kokubili ukwehla kwenani okungafanele kanye nokulindela okungenasisekelo.
Esimweni lapho ukufakwa kukagesi kuqhubeka khona ngamazinga ahlukene kuye ngokuthi izwe laseYurophu linjani, izinyathelo zalolu hlobo zingasebenza njengethuluzi lokukusiza ukusheshisa ukwamukelwa kwezimoto zikagesingokunikeza iziqinisekiso ezengeziwe kubathengi, izinkampani zokuqasha kanye nabaqhubi bemikhumbi.
Umthelela eSpain nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu
Ezimakethe ezifana neSpain, lapho kusekhona khona ukuqaphela uma kukhulunywa ngokutshala imali ezimotweni zikagesi ezihlanzekile, ubufakazi obuvela Izinkulungwane zamabhethri ziqashwe eYurophu Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Izimo zokusetshenziswa, isimo sezulu esimaphakathi, kanye namaphethini okuhambahamba kuyo yonke indawo kuhle ukuthi amabhethri agcine ukusebenza okufana nalokho okubonwe ezifundweni.
Ezinkampanini ezinemikhumbi esakazeke emazweni ahlukene aseYurophu, lolu lwazi lusiza ekwenzeni izinqumo mayelana ukuvuselelwa kwezimoto, izinkontileka zokuqasha kanye nenani eliseleUkwazi ukuthi ibhethri liyakwazi ukumelana nokusetshenziswa kakhulu futhi ligcina amandla angaphezu kuka-90% ngemva kweminyaka yokusebenza kuvumela ukuhlela ngaphandle kwengozi enkulu yezezimali.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzethemba okuthuthukisiwe ekuqineni kwebhethri kunganikeza amandla imakethe yezimoto zikagesi ezisetshenzisiwe ESpain, okuze kube manje esisele ngemuva kwamanye amazwe asenyakatho yeYurophu, ukukhanga kwalezi zimoto ezisetshenzisiwe kuyanda uma ukungabaza ngempilo yebhethri sekuqediwe ngemininingwane eqondile.
Ezingeni lesikhungo, okutholakele ngokuqina okuhle kwamabhethri kusekela Izinqubomgomo zaseYurophu zokususa i-carbonization kwezokuthuthaBaqeda enye yezimpikiswano eziyinhloko ezingabazayo: ukuthi izimoto zikagesi zizophelelwa yisikhathi ngokushesha okukhulu. Njengoba zihlala isikhathi eside futhi zikhetha izindlela ezicacile zokuphila kwesibili, ibhalansi yemvelo neyomnotho yokufakwa kukagesi ithuthuka kakhulu.
Konke lokhu kunegalelo ekutheni imoto kagesi ingasabhekwa njengokubheja okuyingozi, kodwa kunalokho njengenketho ephumelelayo. enye indlela evuthiwe yokuhamba kwansuku zonke eSpain nakwamanye amazwe e-European Union, kokubili kubantu ngabanye kanye nezinkampani kanye nohulumeni bomphakathi.
Isithombe esidwetshwe yilezi zifundo ngamabhethri ezimoto zikagesi angu-24.000 senza kucace ukuthi ukuwohloka akuseyona into abaningi abayicabangayo: inhlanganisela yobunjiniyela obungcono, ukuphathwa kokushisa ngokucophelela, imikhuba yokushaja enengqondo, kanye nezindinganiso ezintsha zokucaca zaseYurophu kubeka isisekelo sesimo lapho ibhethri livame ukuhlala isikhathi eside kunemoto uqobo, livula umnyango wemakethe eqinile kakhulu futhi ebikezelwayo yezimoto zikagesi ezintsha nezisetshenzisiwe.
