I-Los Amanabukeni alahlwayo Bamele inkinga engathi sÃna yezemvelo ngenxa yenqwaba yemfucuza abayikhiqizayo. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ingane isebenzisa amanabukeni angaba ngu-6.000 24 phakathi nezinyanga ezingu-XNUMX zokuqala zokuphila, okuphumela ezigidini zamanabukeni alahliwe emhlabeni wonke.
Umthelela wemvelo wamanabukeni alahlwayo
Umthamo wemfucuza okhiqizwa amanabukeni mkhulu kakhulu. Emazweni anjengeFrance, amanani angafinyelela kumathani ayisigidi amanabukeni alahlwa minyaka yonke asefinyelelwe kakade. Ngaphandle kobuningi bawo obukhulu, amanabukeni athatha amakhulu eminyaka ukuze alulazeke, okwenza inkinga ibe yimbi nakakhulu.
Amanabukeni, okuyimikhiqizo yezempilo, awaqukethe izinto zepulasitiki kuphela, kodwa futhi nemfucuza ephilayo njengomchamo nendle, okwenza ukugaywa kwawo kabusha kube nzima kakhulu kunokwezinye izinto. Iningi lala manabukeni ligcina ligcwele izindawo zokulahla imfucuza noma lishiswe, izinqubo ezingagcini nje ngokungcolisa kakhulu, kodwa futhi zifaka isandla ekwandeni kwamagesi abamba ukushisa.
Uhlelo lokugaywa kabusha lwe-'Happy Nappy'
Iyazi ngale nkinga, inkampani yaseFrance Imvelo yaseSuez yethule iphrojekthi yokuhlola entsha ebizwa ngokuthi Ejabule inabukeni. Lolu hlelo luhlose ukuvuselela ama-diaper asetshenzisiwe ngenqubo engasizi nje ukunciphisa udoti, kodwa futhi evumela ukukhiqizwa kwamandla, umquba nezinye izinto ezingasetshenziswa kabusha. Lolu hlelo luxhaswe ngokwengxenye yi-French Environmental and Energy Control Agency (ADEME) futhi lunesabelomali esiphelele sama-340.000 euros.
Inqubo yokugaywa kabusha iqala ngokuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwe-diaper ukuhlukanisa izingxenye zayo ezihlukahlukene, ezifana nemfucumfucu yemvelo (engaba phakathi kuka-50% no-70% wesamba), amapulasitiki nama-polymers anamandla amakhulu, amele phakathi kuka-5% no-10%. Uma sekuhlukanisiwe, impahla ngayinye ithola ukwelashwa okufanele.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-biogas nomanyolo
Imfucuza yezinto eziphilayo, njengendle nomchamo, ixutshwa nodaka lwendle ngendlela eyaziwa ngokuthi ukugaya ukudla. Le nqubo iqukethe ukuvutshelwa okusheshayo kwemfucuza ukukhiqiza i-biogas, umthombo wamandla ovuselelekayo ongasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imfucuza ingabuye iguqulwe ibe Umanyolo ezosetshenziswa kwezolimo.
Ngokuqondene namapulasitiki nezinye izinto ze-diaper, zigaywa kabusha ukuze kwakhiwe imikhiqizo emisha yepulasitiki, evala umjikelezo wempilo yalezi zinto futhi iphinde ihlanganiswe emakethe.
Ukubaluleka kobuchwepheshe obuqhubekayo bokugaywa kabusha
Lezi zinhlobo zamaphrojekthi azisizi nje kuphela ukunciphisa inani lemfucuza egcina isendaweni yokulahla imfucumfucu, kodwa futhi zifaka isandla emnothweni oyindilinga, lapho imikhiqizo nezinto ezisetshenziswayo zihlala zisetshenziswa futhi futhi ziguqulwa. Kubalulekile ukuthi imboni iqhubeke nokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obuvumela ukugaywa kabusha kwemikhiqizo, okubaluleke kakhulu, okubonakala kunzima ukuyibuyisela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqaliswa kwalezi zinhlelo ngezinga elikhulu ngeke nje kube nomthelela omuhle ekuncishisweni kwemfucuza, kodwa futhi kuzosiza ekwakheni isiko elizinzile nelinomthwalo wemfanelo mayelana nokuphathwa kwemikhiqizo yenhlanzeko elahlwayo. Ezinye izinkampani sezivele zibheja ekusebenziseni izinto ezibolayo ezengeziwe futhi iphinde isetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni amanabukeni, okuzokwenza kube lula inqubo yokugaywa kabusha ngokuzayo.
Ezinye izinhlelo zomhlaba jikelele
Ngaphandle kwephrojekthi ye-Happy Nappy e-France, kunezinye izinhlelo zomhlaba wonke ezinikezelwe ekusetshenzisweni kabusha kwamanabukeni. E-United Kingdom, inkampani i-NappiCycle isungule indlela evumela ukuthi amanabukeni agaywe kabusha asetshenziselwe ukwakha phansi kanye neminye imikhiqizo efana namaphaneli namabhodi. Isibonelo, ngo-2022 bagandaya umgwaqo omningi onamanabukeni angu-107.000, okubonisa ukuthi izinto ezigaywe kabusha zingasebenza kahle futhi zibhekelele imvelo.
E-Italy, inkampani i-Fater SpA inelungelo lobunikazi ubuchwepheshe obukwazi ukuguqula amathani ayi-10.000 amanabukeni kanye nemikhiqizo yokuhlanzeka emuncayo ibe yi-cellulose, amapulasitiki axubile kanye nama-polymers abambayo. Le phrojekthi ibenze baqashelwa 'njengabashampeni beCircular Economy' yi-European Commission.
Lezi zibonelo zamazwe ngamazwe zibonisa ukuthi, nakuba ama-diaper alahlwayo amelela inselele enkulu yemvelo, kunezixazululo ezintsha zokubhekana nayo ngendlela eqhubekayo.
Isihluthulelo sempumelelo yale miklamo silele ekuhlanganisweni kwe ubuchwepheshe obuphambili kanye nokusebenzisana phakathi kohulumeni, izinkampani nezikhungo zocwaningo. Kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokutshala imali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezixazululo ezisimeme zokugaywa kabusha kwemikhiqizo yokuhlanzeka, njengoba imele ingxenye ebalulekile yemfucuza yasendlini.
Kubathengi, iphepha nalo libalulekile. Ukusebenzisa ezinye izindlela ezifana namanabukeni endwangu, noma ngisho nokulahla kahle amanabukeni ezinhlelweni ezikhethekile zokugaywa kabusha, kungenza umehluko omkhulu kumthelela wendawo.
Njengoba sesibonile, ngenxa yezinhlelo ezifana ne-Happy Nappy, ukukhiqizwa kwe-biogas, umquba nezinye izinto ezigaywa kabusha ezivela kumanabukeni asetshenzisiwe kuyinto engokoqobo enganciphisa kakhulu inani lemfucuza ekhiqizwa emhlabeni wonke. Lezi zinhlelo zivula umnyango wezixazululo ezintsha zobuchwepheshe, esikhathini esizayo, ezingaba izinga lomhlaba wonke.