Indlela imfucuza yepulasitiki engaguqulwa ngayo ibe uphethiloli ohlanzekile

El upulasitiki Ingenye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele, kodwa futhi enye yezinto eziyingozi kakhulu emvelweni. Izinto kanye nokupakishwa okwenziwe ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zamapulasitiki kunqwabelana ngokushesha futhi, ngeshwa, ingxenye enkulu yalezi zinto azigaywa kabusha. Ngokocwaningo lwakamuva, amapulasitiki anesandla esikhulu ekungcoleni komhlaba, ikakhulukazi olwandle nasezindaweni zokulahla imfucumfucu.

Kodwa-ke, kunezixazululo ezivelayo ezingavumeli kuphela ukuthi le mfucumfucu yepulasitiki igaywe kabusha, kodwa futhi ikhiqize izinzuzo zamandla. Injalo indaba yenqubo yokuguqula amapulasitiki abe uphethiloli ohlanzekile futhi oshibhile. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ithani elilodwa lamapulasitiki lingakhiqiza amalitha angaba ngu-760 kadizili, okusho enye indlela ephumelelayo lapho kubhekene nokushoda okwandayo kwamandla ezinto ezimbiwa phansi.

Inqubo ye-pyrolysis

Indlela esetshenziswa kakhulu yokuguqula imfucuza yepulasitiki ibe uphethiloli i-pyrolysis, inqubo yokubola kwe-thermochemical eyenzeka lapho ungekho umoya-mpilo. Le nqubo iguqula amapulasitiki abe izinto zokubasa eziwuketshezi ezifana nodizili, uphethiloli kanye nophalafini, ngokusebenzisa amazinga okushisa aphezulu. Into ethembisa kakhulu ngale nqubo ukuthi ingakwazi ukusizakala ngezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zamapulasitiki akhona emfucumfucwini yasemadolobheni, okunzima ukuwasebenzisa kabusha usebenzisa ezinye izindlela.

Inqubo iqala ngokuhlunga amapulasitiki, abese esikwa abe yizicucu ezincane. Lezi zingcezu zifakwe ku-reactor ekhethekile, eshiselwa emazingeni okushisa aphakeme ngaphansi kwendawo elawulwayo ngaphandle kwe-oxygen, okubangela ukubola kwezinto zepulasitiki. Njengoba zishisa, amapulasitiki aphuka abe igesi, kamuva ejiya ibe uketshezi olufana nowoyela ongahluziwe osindayo. Lolu ketshezi luyacwengwa ukuze kutholwe imikhiqizo ehlukene efana nodizili, uphethiloli kanye nophalafini.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-pyrolysis inenzuzo yokukhiqiza imikhiqizo ehlanzekile: lapho igesi ihlangana, izingxenye ezingcolisayo zepulasitiki ziyasuswa noma zihlungwe. Lokhu kuvumela ukukhiqizwa kwezibaseli zekhwalithi ephezulu, namazinga ancishisiwe esibabule kanye nezinhlayiya ezingcolisayo.

Izinkampani ezintsha ekukhiqizeni uphethiloli ovela kumapulasitiki

Emhlabeni jikelele, kunezinkampani eziningi ezihamba phambili ekuguquleni udoti wepulasitiki ube uphethiloli. EYurophu, inkampani ebizwa UCynar, esise-Ireland, sesenze imboni ekwazi ukucubungula ithani elilodwa lemfucuza yepulasitiki ukuze ikhiqize amalitha angu-665 kadizili, amalitha angu-190 kaphethiloli kanye namalitha angu-95 kaphalafini.

E-Spain, inkampani I-WPR Global yethule imboni esiFundeni sase-Murcia enamandla okugaywa kabusha amakhilogremu angu-6.000 epulasitiki ngosuku, ekhiqiza amalitha angu-6.000 kaphethiloli. Le phrojekthi iyisibonelo esibambekayo sokuthi umnotho oyindilinga ungadlala kanjani indima ebalulekile ekuguqukeni komphakathi osimeme. Ukwengeza, isitshalo se-WPR Global ngeke nje sikhiqize amafutha angabizi kakhulu, sinciphise ukuthembela emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, kodwa futhi sizonciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 ngamathani angu-40 ngonyaka ngokugwema ukushiswa kwamapulasitiki.

Izinzuzo zemvelo nezomnotho

Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa amapulasitiki ekukhiqizeni i-biofuel ukuthi ivumela izinkinga ezimbili zomhlaba ukuba zixazululwe ngesikhathi esisodwa: ukuqoqwa kwemfucumfucu yepulasitiki kanye nokushoda kwezinto zokubasa. Ukugaywa kabusha le mfucuza nge-pyrolysis noma izinqubo ezifanayo kungakhiqiza imikhiqizo ebalulekile futhi kunciphise ukuncika kuwoyela ongahluziwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvimbela ingxenye enkulu yemfucumfucu yepulasitiki ukuthi igcine isendaweni yokulahla imfucumfucu noma olwandle, kunomthelela ekwehliseni ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, ikakhulukazi okubangelwa microplastics, eziyingozi ezilwaneni zasolwandle.

Ngokomnotho, lezi zinhlobo zezitshalo zokwelapha zimelela ithuba elibalulekile lokonga. Ngokwezilinganiso, izindleko zokukhiqiza uphethiloli ovela kumapulasitiki ziphansi kakhulu kunezikaphethiloli evamile, okuvumela izimboni ukuba zehlise izindleko zazo zamandla. Isibonelo, uphethiloli okhiqizwa imboni ye-WPR Global ubiza ngaphansi kwamasenti angu-50 ilitha.

Izicelo zikaphethiloli ezitholiwe

Uphethiloli okhiqizwa yi-pyrolysis unezicelo eziningana. Yena udizili etholakalayo ingasetshenziswa kumagandaganda, amaloli, izikebhe neminye imishini esindayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lwedizili lunezici eziqhathaniswa nezibaseli zendabuko, njengenombolo ye-cetane engu-60 esimweni sokulinganisa kwedizili ne-octane kusuka ku-92 kuya ku-96 kuphethiloli, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle.

Ngenxa yezakhiwo zamafutha avelayo, angasetshenziswa futhi kuma-generator kagesi nakweminye imikhakha ebalulekile yomnotho. Lokhu kusho ukuzimela okukhulu kwamandla emazweni amaningi, okubalulekile njengoba amazwe amaningi ethembele kakhulu ekuthengeni uwoyela.

Okunye okungaba umfutho walolu hlobo lokukhiqiza ukusebenza kwawo ezindaweni zezolimo noma zasemakhaya, lapho abalimi bengaguqula khona imfucumfucu yezolimo kanye namapulasitiki abe ama-biofuels kumajeneretha abo kagesi noma izimoto.

Kafushane, ukuguqulwa kwamapulasitiki abe izinto zokubasa kumelela isixazululo esisebenzayo nesizuzisayo semvelo kanye nomnotho womhlaba. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe be-pyrolysis kanye nokwanda kwezitshalo ezikhethekile, kulindeleke ukuthi eminyakeni ezayo amazwe amaningi azosebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe, okunomthelela ekuzinzeni nasekuzimeleni kwamandla.