Ukonga amandla sekuyinto ehamba phambili emhlabeni jikelele, ikakhulukazi ku amazwe athuthukile, abanomthwalo wemfanelo engxenyeni enkulu ye Ukukhishwa kwe-CO2. Lawa mazwe, njengoba enezimboni kakhulu, asetshenziswa kakhulu amandla, okuholela ekucindezelekeni okukhulu kwezinsiza kanye nemvelo. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ohulumeni abaningi baye baqaphela ukubaluleka ukonga amandla ukunciphisa imithelela ye ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kahle kwamandla. Lesi sihloko sihlaziya ukubaluleka kokonga ugesi, izinyathelo ezithathwayo, nokuthi amazwe athuthukile nasathuthuka abhekana kanjani nale nselele yomhlaba wonke.
Ukubaluleka kokonga ugesi emazweni athuthukile
Emazweni amaningi athuthukile, ukongiwa kukagesi kuye kwakhuthazwa hhayi nje kuphela ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhishwa kwegesi engcolisayo, kodwa futhi nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle komnotho. Yena ukusetshenziswa kahle kwamandla ivumela imiphakathi ukuthi igcine izinga layo lokuthuthuka, kuyilapho inciphisa ukuncika kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi njenge uwoyela, amalahle negesi.
Ngokungafani namazwe asathuthuka, amazwe athuthukile anezingqalasizinda zamandla eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye namanethiwekhi amakhulu okusebenzisa ugesi ngenxa yamazinga aphezulu okuthuthuka kwezimboni. Lokhu kuqhuba isidingo samasu asebenza ngempumelelo kakhulu okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle kokuthikameze ngokuqondile ukukhiqizwa noma izinga lempilo lezakhamuzi zakhona.
Okuningi kwe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla emazweni athuthukile Iphuma emikhakheni efana nezokuthutha, izimboni nezakhiwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ezindlini nakho kubalulekile, ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwezinto zikagesi, izinto zikagesi kanye nesiphephelo-moya sasemkhathini.
Iqhaza likahulumeni nomphakathi ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa
Ukushintsha imikhuba kubathengi nasezinkambisweni zezimboni kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe ukuncipha kokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Nokho, lolu shintsho lungaphumelela kuphela uma luhambisana izinqubomgomo zomphakathi ezifanele. Ohulumeni bamazwe athuthukile basebenzise izinhlelo ezahlukene, phakathi kwazo ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwe amandla avuselelekayo kanye nokudalwa kwezisusa zalabo abathuthukisa ukonga kwabo kwamandla.
Isibonelo, kufayela le- I-European Union, isidingo sokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ku 11,7% ngo-2030. Lezi zinyathelo, ngaphezu kokukhuthaza ukuncishiswa kwebhili yamandla, zivuna ukuguqukela emithonjeni yamandla ahlanzekile njenge i-solar futhi i umoya.
Abasebenzi bakahulumeni akubona bodwa abanecala loshintsho. Ezingeni ngalinye, isakhamuzi ngasinye singanikela ngezenzo ezincane zansuku zonke, njengokucisha izibani uma zingasetshenziswa, ukukhetha imishini esebenza kahle (Ukuhlelwa kwe-A+++), bathuthukise ukufakwa kwezindlu zabo futhi basebenzise izithuthi zomphakathi. Lezi zenzo, ikakhulukazi uma zenziwa ngezinga elikhulu, zingamela ukwehla okuphawulekayo ku- ukusetshenziswa kwamandla emhlabeni jikelele.
Inguquko ebheke emandleni avuselelekayo
Esinye sezixazululo eziyinhloko zenkinga yokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezibaseli ezimbiwa phansi yi- ukuguqukela emandleni avuselelekayo. Ilanga, umoya, i-geothermal kanye neminye imithombo yamandla ahlanzekile idlala indima ebalulekile ekwehliseni ukungcola. Ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda yokukhiqiza amandla ahlanzekile Ibalulekile emazweni amaningi. Eqinisweni, ezinye ezifana neSpain, Germany kanye ne-United States sezivele zihola phambili kulo mkhakha. Lawa mazwe, ngaphezu kokuthuthukisa amandla awo okukhiqiza amandla avuselelekayo, aphinde atshale imali ekwabelaneni ngolwazi nobuchwepheshe namazwe asathuthuka.
Iqhaza lamazwe athuthukile ekudluliselweni kobuchwepheshe
Esinye isinyathelo esibalulekile esingakhuthaza a ukonga amandla jikelele ukudluliswa kobuchwepheshe nokusekelwa emazweni asathuthuka. Amazwe amaningi asathuthuka awanayo ingqalasizinda edingekayo ukuze kusetshenziswe amandla avuselelekayo ngezinga elikhulu, kodwa ngokusekelwa amazwe athuthukile kanye nokudluliselwa kolwazi lobuchwepheshe, ukwamukelwa okukhulu kwalobu buchwepheshe kungafinyelelwa.
Isibonelo esicacile salokhu yi- Ibhange Lomhlaba, ehlaziya izixazululo zezimali ukuze amazwe angathuthukile kancane akwazi ukushiya amaphrojekthi asekelwe kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi futhi aye ku-matrix yamandla esimeme kakhudlwana.
Ukonga amandla kanye nomthelela wawo omuhle emnothweni
El ukonga amandla Akugcini nje ngokuzuzisa imvelo, kodwa futhi ine umthelela oqondile emnothweni. Ngokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezibaseli ezimbiwa phansi, amazwe angakwazi ukwaba lezi zimali ukuze athuthukise ingqalasizinda yawo, ezempilo, imfundo kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe obuhlanzekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kukhulisa ukuncintisana kwezimboni, okuvumela umnotho ukuthi ukhule ngendlela eqhubekayo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukushintshela ku-a imodeli yamandla esimeme kusiza ukunciphisa ukuncika ekuthengisweni kukawoyela negesi. Leli qiniso libaluleke kakhulu ngezikhathi zezingxabano zezwe noma ukushintshashintsha kwamanani entengo yamazwe ngamazwe alezi zinsiza, okunikeza ukuzinza okukhulu kwezomnotho kazwelonke.
El ukonga amandla Iphinde inikeze izinzuzo zezomnotho ezingeni lomuntu siqu. Ukutshala imali kubuchwepheshe obusebenzayo obufana nezibani ze-LED noma izinto zikagesi ezinezitifiketi zamandla kuvumela imindeni ukuthi yehlise ukusetshenziswa kwayo futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, yehlise izikweletu zayo ekupheleni kwenyanga.
Kafushane, indlela ebheke ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla ngendlela ephusile iyinselelo yomhlaba wonke, ikakhulukazi emazweni athuthukile, anomthwalo wemfanelo wokuhola njengesibonelo. Lokhu kubandakanya ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo, ukwamukela ubuchwepheshe obusebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nokukhuthaza isiko lokonga amandla kuwo wonke amazinga.