Umthelela kagwayi kwezemvelo: ukuthi uyithinta kanjani imvelo yethu

El ukubhema Akugcini nje ngokuthinta kabi impilo yomuntu, kodwa kunomthelela omubi empilweni imvelo. Nakuba lesi sici singaziwa kangako, imiphumela kagwayi endaweni ezungezile miningi futhi isukela ekugawulweni kwamahlathi kuye ekungcolisweni yimfucuza enobuthi, okuba nomthelela ezinkingeni zomhlaba jikelele ezifana ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu futhi i ukungcoliswa komoya namanzi.

Ukungcoliswa komoya kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa

Ugwayi unomthelela omkhulu ekungcoleni komoya. Ngokusho kwe I-World Health Organization (WHO), intuthu kagwayi inamakhemikhali angaphezu kuka-7,000, kuhlanganise nobuthi obunjenge-carbon monoxide, i-nitrogen oxides ne-methane, wonke amagesi abhebhethekisa ukungcola. abamba ukushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ugwayi ngamunye ukhiqiza amagremu angu-14 e-CO₂, okulingana nekhabhoni enkulu phakathi nesigaba sokukhiqiza nokusetshenziswa kwayo.

Isici okuxoxiwe ngaso kancane ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kukagwayi kuphuma nxazonke 84 million metric tons of CO₂ minyaka yonke, okulingana nokukhishwa kwamarokhethi angu-280,000 ethulwa emkhathini. Lokhu kubeka imboni kagwayi phakathi kwalabo ngokuyinhloko abanomthwalo wemfanelo wokwenza lokhu ukungcoliswa komkhathi, enikela ku ukufudumala kwezwe kanye nokwehliswa kwezinga lomoya, ngaphakathi nangaphandle.

Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kanye nokulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo

Ukutshalwa kukagwayi kuyingozi enkulu emahlathini omhlaba. Unyaka ngamunye, cishe Amahektha angama-200,000 omhlaba ukutshala ugwayi, okubangela ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okukhulu. Lokhu kunomthelela oqondile ekulahlekeni kwe eziphilayo, njengoba imvelo yamahlathi ishabalala noma yonakaliswa ngokuphelele. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi isihlahla esisodwa ngogwayi abangama-300 kukhiqizwa.

Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kuhlobene nenqubo yokwelapha ugwayi. Ukomisa amaqabunga, kuyadingeka ukushisa izinkuni eziningi, okwenza kube nzima nakakhulu ukunyamalala kwezihlahla. Njalo ngonyaka basebenzisa amathani ayizigidi ezingu-11,4 zokhuni kuphela ukwelapha amaqabunga kagwayi emhlabeni jikelele. Lokhu kunomthelela kukho kokubili ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi kanye ukwenziwa ihlane kwezinye izifunda zomhlaba, ikakhulukazi ezithinta amazwe asathuthuka.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitshalo zikagwayi zenza umhlaba ube mpofu, njengoba zidinga inani elikhulu likamanyolo nezibulala-zinambuzane. Lawa makhemikhali, ngaphezu kokuvimbela insimu ukuthi ingavundile futhi ngenxa yezinye izilimo, aphinde angcolise imithombo yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kanye nemvelo eseduze yasemanzini.

Umthelela wemfucuza kagwayi

Enye yemfucuza evamile neyingozi kakhulu emvelweni izinqamu zikagwayi. Emhlabeni jikelele, nxazonke 4,5 billion izinqamu zikagwayi unyaka ngamunye, okubenza babe imfucuza eqoqwe kakhulu emisebenzini yokuhlanza amadolobha nasogwini. Ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo, okuhlanganisa izihlungi i-cellulose acetate, lezi zinqe zingathatha Iminyaka engu-10-25 ukwehlisa isithunzi ngokuphelele.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isinqamu sikagwayi ngasinye singangcolisa kuze kube 50 amalitha amanzi ngezinto ezinobuthi njenge-nicotine netiyela, ezithinta kokubili imizimba yamanzi ahlanzekile nolwandle. Imiphumela yalokhu kungcola ilimaza kakhulu imvelo yasemanzini, njengoba ingabangela ukufa kwezinhlanzi nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zasolwandle.

Iningi lale mfucumfucu iphelela olwandle nasemabhishi, okungagcini nje ngokulimaza imvelo, kodwa kunezindleko ezinonya kwezomnotho. Ngokusho kwe-WHO, iChina ichitha isikhathi esiningi Ama-dollar ayi-2,600 ngonyaka ukuhlanza imikhiqizo kagwayi engcolile, kuyilapho i-India ichitha cishe 766 million ngonyaka.

Imililo yehlathi ebangelwa izinqamu zikagwayi

Omunye wemiphumela eshaqisayo yokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo kagwayi indima yawo ekushisweni kwehlathi. Izinqamu zikagwayi ezingacishwanga kahle ziyimbangela yemililo eminingi ecekela phansi izindawo ezinkulu zamahlathi. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi i U-3,25% womlilo wamahlathi Zibangelwa ugwayi olahlwe budedengu.

Eminyakeni engu-20 edlule, kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngaphezu kwalokho Amahektha angama-40,000 amahlathi ngenxa yomlilo obangelwa ugwayi, othinta kabi izitshalo nezilwane zendawo. Ukubhujiswa okubangelwa yile mililo akuthinti nje kuphela izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kodwa futhi kukhulula amanani amakhulu CO₂ emkhathini, okubuye kube nesandla ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngokweqile

Ukutshala ugwayi nakho kuwumthengi omkhulu wamanzi. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi, kugwayi ngamunye, isilinganiso 3,7 amalitha amanzi. Lokhu kuhumushela ku 263,813 million wamalitha amanzi esetshenziswa kuphela eBrazil ukukhiqiza ugwayi waminyaka yonke. Emazweni asathuthuka, lapho amanzi eseyivelakancane kakade, lesi sidingo semithombo asikwazi ukugcinwa ngokwedlulele, sithinta amandla alezi zifunda ukukhiqiza ukudla kanye nokuphehla amanzi okuphuza.

Umthelela kagwayi emithonjeni yamanzi nawo uqondile, njengoba lapho usetshenziswa ezindaweni zokulima eduze nemifula namachibi, izibulala-zinambuzane nomanyolo osetshenziselwa ukutshalwa kwawo kungcolisa imithombo yasemanzini, okuthinta kokubili izilwane zasendle nezilwane ukuziphilisa kwabo.

Ugwayi awulona nje usongo empilweni yomuntu, kodwa futhi nempilo yeplanethi yethu. Ukusuka ekungcolisweni komoya kusuka entuthwini kagwayi kuya ekungcolisweni kolwandle nenhlabathi ezinqeni zikagwayi ezilahlwe ngokungafanele. Uma sifuna ukufaka isandla ekuthuthukiseni indawo ezungezile futhi sinqande imiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, esinye sezinqumo ezingcono kakhulu esingazenza siwukunciphisa noma ukuqeda ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi, kokubili empilweni yethu kanye naleyo ye-ecosystem yomhlaba wonke.