Ukukhiqizwa komhlaba we amaplastiki liye landa minyaka yonke kusukela maphakathi nekhulu lama-2012. Ngonyaka wezi-288, kwakhiqizwa amathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-2,9, okusho ukukhula okungaphezu kuka-XNUMX% uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule. Lokhu kwanda kuhlobene eduze nokwanda kwenani labantu emhlabeni, okubangela ukuthi kuphinde kudale umthamo omkhulu wemfucuza yepulasitiki.
Kwavela ngawo-1950, lezi izinto zokwakha Izinto zokwakha ze-polymeric zinikeza ukuguquguquka okumangalisayo, ukuzivumelanisa nokusetshenziswa okuningi okuye kwadingeka. Zigqama ezimpahleni ezifana nokumelana kwazo nokushaqeka nokungakwazi ukungena emanzini, ezisetshenziswa ikakhulukazi emaphaketheni, okwamanje amele cishe amaphesenti angama-66 imfucuza amapulasitiki.
Ngaphakathi kwesigaba samapulasitiki, avame kakhulu yilawo okusetshenziswa okukodwa, ikakhulukazi bolsas y amabhodlela. the ukukhiqizwa komhlaba yamapulasitiki alahlwayo ashesha kusukela ngawo-1970 kuya phambili, afinyelela izibalo zezinkanyezi. Iningi lale mfucumfucu igcina isendaweni yemvelo yasemhlabeni, ikakhulukazi endaweni indle, imifula nezilwandle. Cishe u-80% we amaplastiki olwandle baphuma emithonjeni yasemhlabeni.
Umthelela wemvelo wemfucuza yepulasitiki
I-Los imfucuza yepulasitiki Zimelela enye yezinsongo ezinkulu zemvelo emhlabeni wonke. Ngokwesibonelo, olwandle kulinganiselwa ukuthi amathani epulasitiki angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-8 alahlwayo unyaka ngamunye. Lokhu kungcola akuthinti nje kuphela imvelo yasolwandle, kodwa futhi nezilwane eziyingxenye yazo. Ucwaningo oluhlukahlukene luveza ukuthi imikhomo, izimfudu nezinye izilwane zidla amapulasitiki noma zivaleleke kuwo, okukhinyabeza kakhulu ukuphila kwazo.
Ngokombiko we UNUma umkhuba wamanje wokukhiqizwa nokulawulwa kwemfucuza okwanele uqhubeka, ngo-2050 kuzoba namapulasitiki amaningi olwandle kunezinhlanzi. Kakade ezindaweni ezifana ENyakatho Pacific, udoti omningi owaziwa ngokuthi I-Great Pacific Garbage Patch, enamakhilomitha-skwele angaphezu kwesigidi, edlula indawo yamazwe anjengeSpain, iFrance neJalimane ehlangene.
Iketango lokungcoliswa komhlaba nolwandle
Nakuba iningi lemfucumfucu yepulasitiki olwandle ivela emithonjeni esekelwe emhlabathini, kukhona futhi inani elibalulekile elivela emisebenzini yasolwandle. Ulwandle i-Atlantic kanye neMedithera luveza amaphethini ahlukene okungcola. Kuyo I-Atlántico, ukuchithwa kwemvelaphi yasolwandle kugcwele kakhulu, kuyilapho IMedithera, udoti omningi ungowasemhlabeni.
Inkinga eyisisekelo ukuqina kwamapulasitiki. Le nto ingathatha amakhulu eminyaka ukubola. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi a ibhodlela lepulasitiki Kuthatha cishe iminyaka engama-450 ukuhlakazeka, kuyilapho ama-microplastic, izingcezu ezincane kuno-5 mm, ziphikelela isikhathi eside endaweni ezungezile. Lawa ma-microplastics asevele asakazwa kabanzi olwandle, emifuleni nasenhlabathini, angathinti izilwane kuphela, kodwa futhi nempilo yabantu.
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ingxenye yesithathu yemfucumfucu yepulasitiki iphelela enhlabathini noma emanzini ahlanzekile, futhi ithinte imvelo yasemhlabeni. Imicu yokwenziwa, isibonelo, ikhishwa ngokuwashwa ngakunye kwezingubo ezenziwe ngezinto ezifana ne-polyester noma inayiloni, okunomthelela ekubeni khona kwama-microfiber epulasitiki emanzini angcolile futhi wona, angena odongeni futhi angcolise inhlabathi lapho esetshenziswa njengomanyolo.
Inkinga yesimo sezulu ixhumene nokukhiqizwa kwepulasitiki
Ngaphezu kwenkinga eqondile yokungcola, i ukukhiqizwa kwepulasitiki futhi udlala indima ebalulekile Inkinga yesimo sezulu. Amapulasitiki amaningi enziwe ngezinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi ezifana ne-petroleum, inqubo ekhiqiza amanani aphezulu okukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa.
Ngokocwaningo lwe-CIEL, ngonyaka ka-2019 kuphela, ukukhiqizwa kwepulasitiki kukhiphe okulingana nokukhishwa kwezitshalo zamandla aphehlwa ngamalahle eziyi-189 emkhathini. Uma kungekho sinyathelo esithathwayo ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhiqizwa, ukukhishwa kwegesi okuhlobene nepulasitiki kungaqhubeka nokukhuphuka, kuphazamise imizamo yomhlaba wonke yokunciphisa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Ukugaywa kabusha kanye nomnotho oyindilinga
Ukugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki kungadlala indima ebalulekile ekwehliseni ukungcola. Kodwa-ke, ezifundeni ezifana ne-Europe, amaphesenti angama-30 kuphela amapulasitiki akhiqizwayo aphinde asetshenziswe, futhi ingxenye ebalulekile yemfucuza isagcina isendaweni yokulahla imfucumfucu noma ishiswe, ikhiqize ukukhishwa okwengeziwe kwamagesi ayingozi.
España, umkhiqizi wesine omkhulu wamapulasitiki e-European Union, usethuthukise izibalo zawo zokugaywa kabusha, kodwa uyaqhubeka nokubhekana nezinselele ezinkulu ekulawuleni imfucumfucu yepulasitiki. Ngokuvumelana ne Greenpeace, amanani amanje okugaywa kabusha awanele ukunqanda inkinga, njengoba amapulasitiki amaningi awakakaphathwa ngendlela efanele.
Isixazululo sesikhathi eside kungaba ukukhuthaza a umnotho oyindilinga, lapho imikhiqizo yepulasitiki iklanyelwe kusukela ekuqaleni ukuze isetshenziswe kabusha, igaywe kabusha noma ifakwe umquba, ngaleyo ndlela inciphise isidingo sokukhiqiza amapulasitiki amaningi amsulwa kanye nokunciphisa umthelela wemvelo.
Sebenzisa izinxephezelo zentela kanye nezibonelelo ukukhuthaza ezinye izindlela ezisimeme kuyisinyathelo okuxoxwa ngaso ku UN. Lezi zikhuthazo zingakhuthaza izinkampani ukuthi zehlise ukusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki okukodwa kumaketanga azo okuhlinzeka, kanye nokwenza ngcono ingqalasizinda yokulawulwa kwemfucuza emhlabeni jikelele.
Ukunciphisa unyawo lwepulasitiki ezingeni lomuntu siqu, kuyalulekwa ukuthi sithathe izinqubo ezisimeme ezimpilweni zethu zansuku zonke. Lokhu kuhlanganisa yonke into kusukela ekuthatheni izikhwama ezisebenziseka kabusha ukuya esitolo esikhulu, kuya ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo epakishwe kumapulasitiki asetshenziswa kanye, kanye nokugaywa kabusha ngendlela efanele.
Ukungcoliswa kwepulasitiki akuyona nje inkinga yemvelo, kodwa futhi inkinga yezempilo yomphakathi. Ukuthathwa kwe microplastics ngomoya, ukudla namanzi okuphuza sekuvele kuyiqiniso esichayeka kukho, kuyilapho imiphumela yesikhathi eside empilweni yomuntu isaphenywa.
Zonke lezi zakhi zidinga ngokuphuthumayo ukuguqulwa kwesistimu, kokubili ekukhiqizeni nasekusetshenzisweni kwamapulasitiki, ukugwema ikusasa lapho lezi zinto ziqhubeka zibe usongo olungalawuleki emvelweni nokuphila emhlabeni.