Umthelela wemvelo wezincwadi eziphrintiwe: inketho eqhubekayo?

Okwamanje kunengxabano ethokozisayo maqondana nokusetshenziswa kwe-e-book. Imayelana nempikiswano yaphakade phakathi kokugcwala kwabantu ubuchwepheshe obusha "emhlatshelweni" wesiko, njengemikhuba yasendulo nemikhuba eyaziwayo. Ngibhekise ekuzivikeleni okuqinile okwenziwa abalandeli baka incwadi ephrintiwe, njengoba bephikisa ngokuthi izincwadi ze-electronic, noma ama-e-books, ziyabaqeda injabulo yokuthenga nokufunda leyo ncwadi.

Noma ngabe imuphi umbono wethu, kubalulekile ukuba uzazise ngemithelela yemvelo yefomethi ngayinye. Ngokwesibonelo, WellHome ishicilele i-infographic (ngesiNgisi) ehlinzeka ngedatha ebalulekile, nakuba ivela emakethe yase-US, isinika umbono ocacile walesi simo. Ngezansi sizongena ku- lokungcolisa imvelo wezincwadi eziphrintiwe kanye ne-e-books emhlabeni jikelele.

Ukukhiqizwa kwezincwadi eziphrintiwe

Ukukhiqizwa kwezincwadi ezinyathelisiwe kunomthelela omkhulu endaweni ezungezile. Njengoba isidingo sezincwadi ezibonakalayo sikhula, ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yemvelo nakho kukhula kakhulu. Phakathi kwedatha efaneleke kakhulu ehlinzekwa yile mboni yilena elandelayo:

• Ukusetshenziswa kwephepha: La imboni yokushicilela kudla cishe amathani ephepha ayizigidi eziyi-16 minyaka yonke.
• Ukugawulwa kwezihlahla: Lokhu kukhiqizwa kwaminyaka yonke kwezincwadi ezinyathelisiwe kudinga ukugawulwa kwezihlahla ezingaba izigidi ezingu-32. Lokhu akuthinti nje kuphela izimiso zemvelo zamahlathi, kodwa futhi kunomthelela ekugawulweni kwamahlathi, inkinga engathi sína emhlabeni wonke.
• Okuphumayo okuvela ohlelweni lokukhiqiza: Incwadi ngayinye ephrintiwe ikhiqiza cishe amaphawundi angu-8,85 e-CO2 (i-carbon dioxide), okwenza izincwadi eziphrintiwe zibe omunye wemikhiqizo enomlando omkhulu wemvelo emkhakheni wokushicilela.

Ukukhishwa kwezinto ezingcolisayo ekukhiqizeni izincwadi

Ukukhiqizwa kwezincwadi eziphrintiwe akukhiqizi kuphela ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide, kodwa nezinye izinto ezikhathaza imvelo. Okunye kwalokhu kungcola kuvela ekukhiqizeni iphepha nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo:

• Ukukhishwa kwezimboni: Izigayo zamaphepha zikhipha izinto ezifana ne-carbon dioxide, i-nitrogen oxide ne-carbon monoxide. Lezi zinto ezingcolisayo zineqhaza elikhulu kulokhu ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, njengoba ziqinisa umphumela we-greenhouse, zinomthelela ekwakhekeni kwenkungu, imvula ene-asidi futhi zibhebhethekise izifo zokuphefumula kubantu.
• Ukuhlanza iphepha: Ukuze izincwadi zibe naleso sici sephepha elimhlophe, i-chlorine isetshenziswa enqubweni yokufiphaza, ekhiqiza ama-dioxin, ama-carcinogens aziwayo nawo aphikelela kakhulu endaweni ezungezile futhi anganqwabelana ochungechungeni lokudla.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe namanzi: Uma kuqhathaniswa ne e-izincwadi, izincwadi ezinyathelisiwe zisebenzisa izinto zokusetshenziswa ngokuphindwe kathathu futhi zidinga amanzi aphindwe kasikhombisa, okuyimithombo eyandayo entulekayo ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba.

Umthelela wemvelo wama-e-books

Ngokungafani nezincwadi zamaphepha, ama-e-books avame ukubhekwa njengenketho eqhubekayo. Kodwa-ke, ziphinde zibe nomthelela omkhulu kwezemvelo okufanele zicatshangelwe. Okulandelayo, sizohlaziya izinqubo ezahlukene ezihilelekile ekwenziweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwayo:

• Ukukhishwa kwamaminerali: Ukukhiqizwa kwezinto zikagesi ezifana ne-e-readers kuhilela ukukhishwa kwamaminerali angavamile, njenge-cobalt ne-lithium. Le nqubo ivame ukuhlotshaniswa nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kanye nokungqubuzana ezindaweni zezimayini, njengoba kwenzeka nge-coltan e-Afrika.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla: Nakuba ama-e-books engawadingi iphepha, amandla asetshenziswa ukwenza amadivaysi kanye nokugcina amaseva agcina amafayela edijithali mkhulu. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe u-45% wendawo yemvelo yedivayisi uvela ekukhiqizweni kwayo, kuyilapho u-55% osele kuthiwa uyasetshenziswa. Ngokwezifundo, amandla asetshenziswa amaseva nokugcinwa kwamafu abalulekile, futhi ayaqhubeka nokukhula.
• Ukuphelelwa yisikhathi: Nakuba amadivaysi okufunda edijithali angabamba izinkulungwane zezihloko, isikhathi sawo sokuphila ngokuvamile sikhawulelwe, cishe iminyaka emithathu. Ngemuva kwalokho, iningi lale mishini igcina isendaweni yokulahla imfucumfucu, okunomthelela enkingeni yemfucuza. imfucuza kagesi.

Ukuqhathanisa phakathi komthelela wemvelo wencwadi ephrintiwe kanye ne-e-book

Ukuqhathaniswa phakathi kwemithelela yemvelo yezincwadi eziphrintiwe kanye ne-e-books kuncike kakhulu ekutheni zingaki izincwadi ezifundwayo kanye nezinqubo zokuphinda zisetshenziswe. Nazi ezinye izinto ezibalulekile ongazithatha ngokusekelwe ocwaningweni lwakamuva:

• Ukukhiqizwa kwe-CO2: Ukuphrinta incwadi enoqwembe oluqinile enamakhasi angaba ngu-300 kukhiqiza cishe I-1,2 kg ye-CO2. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukukhiqiza umshini wokufunda we-elekthronikhi kukhiqiza i-carbon footprint cishe I-168 kg ye-CO2, okulingana nokukhiqizwa kwezincwadi zephepha ezingaphezu kuka-22.
• Isinxephezelo somthelela: Ukuze umthelela we-e-book ube ngaphansi kwalowo wezincwadi eziphrintiwe, okungenani Izincwadi ezingama-33 XNUMX ngonyaka kudivayisi yokufunda yedijithali.

Ukusimama kanye namathrendi e-eco-publishing

Njengoba ukuqwashisa ngokusimama kukhula, imboni yokushicilela ithatha izinqubo ezibhekelela imvelo. I i-ecoedition Ivela njengenye indlela yokukhiqizwa kwezincwadi ngobuningi kwamanje. Le ndlela igxile ekunciphiseni umthelela wemvelo kusukela ekwakhiweni kwencwadi ize ifinyelele kumfundi.

Eminye yezimiso ezibalulekile zokushicilela i-eco ihlanganisa:

• Ukusetshenziswa kwephepha eligaywe kabusha: Abashicileli abaningi ngokwengeziwe bamukela ukusetshenziswa kwephepha eligaywe kabusha lezihloko zabo. Lokhu kunciphisa isidingo sokugawula izihlahla futhi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi namandla ohlelweni lokukhiqiza.
• Shicilela ngokufunwa: Abashicileli nabo sebeqala ukushintshela ekuphrinteni-ngokufunwayo, indlela enciphisa imbuyiselo yezincwadi ezingathengiswa futhi igweme ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile.
• Ezokuthutha ezilungiselelwe: La uphawu lwekhabhoni Ukuthuthwa kwezincwadi kungancishiswa ngokukhetha imizila yokuhlinzeka esebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nokukhiqizwa kwasendaweni, okunciphisa ibanga okumele ilihambe imikhiqizo ngaphambi kokufinyelela kumthengi wokugcina.

Nakuba ukushicilelwa kwe-eco kusesezigabeni zakho zokuqala, kusobala ukuthi kumelela isinyathelo esibalulekile sokunciphisa i-carbon footprint yemboni yokushicilela. Lo mzamo wokusebenzisana phakathi kwabashicileli, amaphrinta nabafundi ungenza umehluko wangempela kumthelela wemvelo wokushicilelwa kwephepha.

Ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwezincwadi ngezinhlelo ezinjengalezi ukubhukha izincwadi noma ukuthengwa kwezincwadi ezingamasekeni nakho kudlala indima enkulu. Le mikhuba ivumela incwadi eyodwa ukuthi ifundwe abantu abaningi, isabalalisa umthelela wayo kwezemvelo kubasebenzisi abaningi futhi inciphisa isidingo sokuphrinta okusha.

Inkulumompikiswano mayelana nokuthi iyiphi inketho engcono yemvelo, izincwadi eziphrintiwe noma ama-e-books, isavuliwe. Konke kuncike emikhubeni yokufunda nasezinqumweni eziqhubekayo esizenzayo kulo lonke uhlelo.