Emashumini eminyaka adlule, kuye kwenziwa ucwaningo oluningi mayelana nokushintshaniswa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa phakathi komkhathi kanye ne-biosphere. Kula magesi, i-carbon dioxide (CO2) yiyona ecwaningwe kakhulu, uma kubhekwa ukwanda kwayo okuqhubekayo emkhathini kanye negalelo layo ekwenyukeni kwezinga lokushisa emhlabeni.
Ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu ye-CO2 ekhishwayo ebangelwa imisebenzi yabantu imuncwa ama-ecosystem asemhlabeni. Imvelo efana namahlathi, amaxhaphozi kanye namahlathi adlala indima ebalulekile kulokhu kumunca. Nokho, okuvame ukunganakwa ukuthi izingwadule nama-tundras Zibalulekile futhi kule nqubo, nakuba ngendlela ehlukile.
Iqhaza lezifunda ezomile emjikelezweni wekhabhoni
Izifunda ezomile, ezifana nezingwadule, ngokwesiko azinakwa mayelana neqhaza lazo kumjikelezo wekhabhoni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izimiso zemvelo, umsebenzi wayo webhayoloji uphansi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonise ukuthi lezi zinhlelo zemvelo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekulinganisweni kwekhabhoni yomhlaba wonke, hhayi nje ngokumunca i-CO2. Ucwaningo oluholwa ngu Umkhandlu Ophakeme Wocwaningo Lwezesayensi (CSIC) baveze ukuthi i Ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 ezindaweni ezomile kungabangelwa umoya, ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi 'ukungenisa umoya ongaphansi komhlaba'.
Lesi sigameko senzeka lapho umoya olayishwe i-CO2 evaleleke endaweni engaphansi uphonswa emkhathini ngenxa yokunyakaza komoya okubangelwa umoya. Le nqubo ishubile ikakhulukazi ngenkathi eyomile ezindaweni ezinomswakama ophansi wenhlabathi. Ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 yalolu hlobo ezindaweni ezizungezile ezomile kuye kwabukelwa phansi kakhulu, futhi ucwaningo lwamanje lubonisa ukuthi kungaba negalelo elikhulu ekwandeni kwamagesi abamba ukushisa.
Isiza sokuhlola eCabo de Gata
Olunye lwezifundo ezifanele kakhulu mayelana nokungena komoya ongaphansi komhlaba lwenziwe ehlathini elisendaweni eyomile esendaweni ezungezile e-Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park, e-Almería. Lesi siza sakhethwa ngenxa yesimo saso esomile esidlulele kanye nomsebenzi ophansi webhayoloji, okuyenza ibe yindawo ekahle yokulinganisa ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 ezindaweni ezomile. Iminyaka eyisithupha, phakathi kuka-2009 no-2015, abacwaningi bakala amazinga e-carbon dioxide emhlabathini nasemkhathini.
Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi, ezimweni ezinomoya ovunguzayo nezomile, ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 okuphawulekayo kwenzeka kusuka enhlabathini kuya emkhathini, okushintsha ibhalansi yekhabhoni. Eqinisweni, kwaphawulwa ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi I-CO2 ivaleleke ngaphansi kukhishwa ngobuningi, okwenza umfudlana owengeziwe wokukhishwa kwekhabhoni.
Ukuba sengozini kwekhabhoni egcinwe emhlabathini owomile
Ngokocwaningo lwakamuva, Ikhabhoni yemvelo egcinwe enhlabathini eyomile isengozini kakhulu kunalokho obekucatshangwa ngaphambilini. Amaminerali omhlaba bekulindeleke ukuthi asebenze njengezihlangu zokuvikela ukuvimbela ukukhishwa kwale carbon. Kodwa-ke ucwaningo olwenziwe yi-Institute of Agrarian Sciences (ICA) ye-CSIC luveze ukuthi izimbiwa ezikhona kulezi zindawo azisebenzi ngendlela okwakucatshangwa ngayo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukwanda kokoma kanye namazinga okushisa ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kubangela ukulahleka kwekhabhoni okungalindelekile kulezi zindawo zemvelo.
Lokhu kulahleka kwekhabhoni kunomthelela ophindwe kabili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, bakhulula i-CO2 eyengeziwe emkhathini, okuyinto kunomthelela ekufudumaleni komhlaba. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu kulahlekelwa kuphinde kuthinte ngokuqondile izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokuvunda kwenhlabathi ezindaweni ezomile, njengoba i-organic carbon ibalulekile kulezi zimiso zemvelo.
Umthelela wokuguquka kwesimo sezulu ezindaweni ezomile
Ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kulimaza kakhulu imvelo ewugwadule kanye nengxenye yogwadule. Izilinganiso ze ukwanda kwesomiso kanye nokwanda kwezindawo ezomile ingakhuphula kakhulu ukwenzeka kokungena komoya ongaphansi komhlaba, lezi zindawo ezingase zisuke ekubeni yizinki zekhabhoni ziye ekubeni yizikhiqizi zenetha ze-CO2.
Ucwaningo olwenziwa yi-King Abdullah University of Science and Technology lulinganisela ukuthi lesi simo singayishintsha ngokuphelele ibhalansi yekhabhoni yomhlaba wonke. Ngaphandle uma kuthathwa izinyathelo zokunciphisa imiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, imvelo eyomile ingasheshisa inqubo yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke, kube nomthelela omkhulu we-CO2 eyengeziwe emkhathini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulezi zindawo lapho i- umswakama womhlabathi ungaphansi kuka-30%, umoya nokuntuleka kwezitshalo kusiza ukuphunyuka kwe-CO2 evaleleke endaweni engaphansi. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi ukuqagela kwesimo sezulu emashumini eminyaka ezayo kungase kwenze isimo sibe sibi kakhulu ezindaweni ezomile, kukhuphule ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 emhlabeni jikelele.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, olunye ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi izindawo ezomile zingabamba i-CO2 eningi kunalokho obekucatshangwa ngaphambilini uma 'bezihlaza'. Izitshalo ezijwayele indawo eyomile, kanye nama-microorganisms athile emhlabathini, kungaba ukhiye wokubuyisela amandla okumunca ikhabhoni kulezi zindawo.
Kafushane, nakuba izindawo ezomile zinganakwa ezifundweni zomjikelezo wekhabhoni, ucwaningo lwakamuva lugqamisa ukuhambisana nokuba yinkimbinkimbi okukhulu. Ukwanda kokukhishwa kwe-CO2 ngenxa yokungena komoya ongaphansi komhlaba kanye nokuba sengcupheni kwekhabhoni egciniwe kwenza lezi zifunda zibe ukugxila okudingekayo ekunakekelweni kwazo esimweni sokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.