Ngokwezibikezelo, inani elizokhishwa lizogcwaliswa ngefayili ye- Amaphesenti aphezulu isaphulelo esikhona maqondana nezindleko zotshalo-mali.
Indali yesithathu enkulu evuselelekayo kanye nohlaka lwayo lokulawula
NgoLwesithathu, mhla zingama-26 kuNtulikazi, 2017, uHulumeni wagubha umkhosi wesithathu omkhulu endalini yamandla avuselelekayo, ayenethemba lokuthi uzocishe ahlangabezane ngokuphelele nezinjongo zohlelo lwe-European Union luka-2020. Kule ndali, i-3.000 megawatts (MW) ye amandla phakathi kwamaphrojekthi womoya kanye ne-photovoltaic energy. UMnyango Wezamandla ushiye evulekile ithuba lokukhulisa leli khono ngokusekelwe kumbandela wokukhetha woMnyango ngokwawo.
Umongo lapho le ndali yenzeke khona iphawuleka ngezinto ezahlukahlukene, ezisemthethweni kanye nezomnotho. Kusukela ngo-2012 ukumiswa kokufakwa kwamandla amasha avuselelekayo, lo mkhakha ube nezinguquko eziphawulekayo eziqhutshwa ukubuyekezwa kombuso wamaholo. Isistimu yebhonasi yayishiywe ivuna a umholo ogculisayo kuyo yonke impilo yokusebenziseka kwezinsiza ezivuselelekayo.
Uhlaka lokulawula lwaqedwa ngemithethonqubo ethile efana Isimemezelo Sasebukhosini 960/2020 futhi i Oda i-TED/1161/2020. Lezi zisungule umbuso wezomnotho wamandla avuselelekayo, owaziwa ngokuthi “umbuso wezomnotho wamandla avuselelekayo (REER)” kanye nekhalenda lendali, ngokulandelana. Ngalo mqondo, indali yango-2022 yobuchwepheshe obufana ne-biomass namandla esabalalisiwe e-solar photovoltaic ibonisa ukubaluleka kwamandla avuselelekayo njengomshayeli wezomnotho nezenhlalo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemakhaya.
Imiphumela yezindali zangaphambilini nokulindelwe kuhlelo lwesithathu
Ezindalini ezimbili ezedlule ezazihlelwe uHulumeni, umthamo omkhulu wamamegawathi wawunikezwe iForestalia. Le nkampani ibe ngumnqobi omkhulu kukho kokubili endalini yokuqala neyesibili, futhi ukubamba iqhaza kwayo ocingweni lwesithathu nakho bekulindelekile.
Endalini yangaphambilini, eyayibanjwe ngoMeyi 2017, kwanikezwa i-2.000 MW, enganwetshwa ibe ngu-3.000 MW uma amanani entengo ayencintisana. Ekugcineni, umthamo owabelwe wadlula u-2.000 MW oshiwo ngenhla, obe yimpumelelo ngokwemibandela yokuncintisana. I-Gamesa, isibonelo, ithole i-206 MW, ngenkathi Igesi Yemvelo Fenosa cishe 600 MW waklonyeliswa, futhi I-Enel Green Power eSpain, inkampani engaphansi kwe-Endesa, yaklonyeliswa omunye u-500 MW.
Akubona bonke abalingisi abakhulu abaphumelele. Iberdrola, naphezu kokuba omunye wama-ejenti ayinhloko emakethe yamandla avuselelekayo, ayikwazanga ukuklonyeliswa noma yimaphi amabhulokhi ebibambe iqhaza kuwo ekubhideni.
Impikiswano: umoya noma i-photovoltaic?
Elinye lamaphuzu okuxoxwe ngawo kakhulu kule ndali yesithathu kwaba ukuncintisana phakathi kwamandla omoya nama-photovoltaics. Nakuba endalini eyedlule amandla kagesi elanga athola kancane i-1% ye-MW eyabelwe, kulokhu bekulindeleke ukuthi amaphrojekthi elanga agcine esebenza ngokubaluleka okukhulu. Phezu kwalokhu, kube nokuvumelana ukuthi lokho abahlaziyi abakubiza nge-competitive pressure kuzophindeka. Njengoba kubikwe izinhlangano ezimbalwa emkhakheni we-photovoltaic, isistimu ye-tiebreaker endalini ithande amaphrojekthi akhiqiza ugesi amahora amaningi, umbandela ozuze amandla omoya nakanjani.
Umthelela wendali kumandla elanga
Umkhakha we-solar photovoltaic, okwaze kwaba yileso sikhathi wawubandlululwa ngokomthamo ofakiwe, wawubhekene nesimo esisha. Izinhlangano ze-Photovoltaic zagxeka kabuhlungu uhlelo lwemiklomelo, olwanciphisa kakhulu izinketho zabo mayelana namandla omoya. Nokho, kule ndali yesithathu, enye yezinto ezizosebenzela i-photovoltaics kwaba ukushoda kwamaphrojekthi omoya akwazi ukunikeza izaphulelo ezincintisanayo. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi bekusele kancane i-1.000 MW yamandla omoya asele namandla anele okuncintisana ngokwezintengo, okuvule umnyango we-2.000 MW we-photovoltaics ukungena emdlalweni.
Iqhaza likaForestalia endalini yesithathu
Njengoba sesishilo ngaphambili, i- Inkampani yase-Aragonese Forestalia Kuvele njengomunye wabalingiswa abakhulu ezindalini zangaphambilini ezivuselelekayo. Yasungulwa ngo-2011, kodwa inomlando omkhulu webhizinisi emkhakheni wamandla avuselelekayo kusukela ngeminyaka yama-90s, iForestalia inamaphrojekthi amaningi emkhakheni wamandla omoya kanye nezitshalo zamandla, ngaphakathi kweSpain nakwamanye amazwe.
Okunye okubhejwa kakhulu kweForestalia ukwakhiwa kwefektri enkulu kunazo zonke ye-pellet ne-wood chip ezweni, etholakala edolobheni lase-Aragonese e-Erla. Ngaphezu kwendima yayo eyisisekelo emandleni omoya, iForestalia iphinde yakhetha eminye imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo, njenge-biomass, namaphrojekthi e-Aragon, Umphakathi waseValencian nase-Andalusia.
Indali ngaphansi kwengilazi yokukhulisa yeNkantolo Kazwelonke
Ukuba sobala kwenqubo yendali akuzange kube ngaphandle kwempikiswano. Udaba lwethulwa phambi kwenkantolo Abalaleli Bakazwelonke ngu I-Spanish Photovoltaic Union (Unef), eyafaka isikhalazo eNkantolo Ephakeme ikhala ngokuthi uhlelo luvuna ngokusobala amandla omoya, kulokho obekufanele kube yindali engathathi hlangothi phakathi kwemithombo ehlukene evuselelekayo. INkantolo Ephakeme yona, yanquma ukuthumela ingxenye yefayela eNkantolo Kazwelonke ukuze ihlaziye endalini futhi, ikakhulukazi, isinqumo sikangqongqoshe esikhishwe uMnyango Wezamandla.
Ukuthuthuka kwe-biomass ezindalini
Indali yesithathu yango-2022 yagqama ngokubheja okuqinile ubuchwepheshe obulawulekayo njengamandla e-biomass. Ngesikhathi socingo baklonyeliswe 146 MW we-biomass, ubuchwepheshe okuthi, nakuba ngokuvamile bunikeza amanani aphakeme kancane kunamandla e-photovoltaic noma omoya, kunenzuzo yokuphathwa. Okungukuthi, i-biomass inamandla okukhiqiza amandla kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sezulu sinjani, okwenza kube yimpahla ebaluleke kakhulu yokuzinza kwesistimu kagesi.
Isilinganiso senani lomklomelo le-biomass kule ndali lali €93,09/MWh, ngobuningi be €108,19/MWh kanye nobuncane be-€72,38/MWh. Phakathi kwezinkampani eziklonyelisiwe, abadlali abakhulu kulo mkhakha bagqama, njenge Acciona (50 MW), I-Reolum (46 MW) kanye hunosa (50 MW).
Amandla elanga e-photovoltaic asatshalalisiwe: ukuzibophezela ekubambeni iqhaza kwendawo
Esinye sezimanga ezinhle kakhulu endalini yesithathu kwaba ukukhishwa kwe 31 MW ezosabalalisa amaphrojekthi kagesi we-solar photovoltaic. Lobu buchwepheshe, obuphakathi nendawo phakathi kokuzithengela wena kanye nokukhiqiza endaweni eyodwa, kube yimpumelelo enkulu mayelana nokubamba iqhaza kwezakhamizi kanye nokuphathwa kwendawo. Lezi izinhlelo ezincane, ezinamandla angaphansi kuka-5 MW, ezivumela ukuthi zihlanganiswe nenethiwekhi kagesi ene-voltage ephansi futhi zikhiqize inani elengeziwe lezenhlalo nezomnotho lapho zisetshenziswa ezikhungweni zasemadolobheni noma zasemaphandleni eduze nezikhungo zokusebenzisa.
Inani eliphakeme lentengo elanikezwa amandla e-photovoltaic asatshalaliswa laliyi €62,5/MWh, kuyilapho ubuncane bekungu-€44,98/MWh. I-MITECO igcizelele ukubaluleka kwalobu buchwepheshe ukuze kwenziwe intando yeningi uhlelo lukagesi lwaseSpain, luvuna ukubamba iqhaza kwezakhamizi namabhizinisi amancane, angazuza kumamodeli wokuzisebenzisa.
- I-Acciona kanye ne-Reolum bahola ku-biomass ngemiklomelo ye-50 MW kanye nama-46 MW ngokulandelanayo.
- I-31 MW yaklonyeliswa kumaphrojekthi we-solar photovoltaic asatshalaliswe endaweni.