Namuhla sigubha Usuku Lomhlaba Wezilwandle. Ngalolu suku sikhumbula ithonya elikhulu izilwandle ezinalo ezimpilweni zethu kanye nokubaluleka kokuzivikela. Ngaphandle kwezilwandle, ukuphila eMhlabeni njengoba sazi ukuthi bekungeke kwenzeke. Cishe u-70% womoya-mpilo esiwuphefumulayo ukhiqizwa yiwo, futhi amunca cishe u-30% we-carbon dioxide esiyikhiphayo. Banikeza ukudla okucebile nezinsiza, futhi bayikhaya lezilwane zasolwandle ezingenakubalwa.
Akubalulekile nje kuphela ukubavikela, kodwa futhi ukusizakala ngezinzuzo zabo ngendlela eqhubekayo. I izilwandle zisivumela ukuthi sikhiqize amandla avuselelekayo, umthombo ohlanzekile, ozinzile futhi ongapheli. Kulesi sihloko, sizocubungula ukuthi ulwandle lungaba kanjani umthombo wamandla obalulekile esikhathini esizayo kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zobuchwepheshe ezisivumela ukuba sibambe la mandla.
Yini esiyisebenzisa ngokunenzuzo olwandle ukuthola amandla?
Ukukhiqiza amandla olwandle, sisebenzisa ngokunenzuzo izenzakalo zemvelo ezihlukahlukene, njengomoya, amagagasi, imisinga namagagasi. Lezi zakhi zingashintshwa zibe ugesi kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene, futhi zimele isixazululo esithembisayo senkinga yamandla emhlabeni wonke.
Enye yezindlela ezaziwa kakhulu zamandla olwandle amandla omoya aphesheya kwezilwandle. Ngokufaka izinjini zomoya olwandle olwandle, lapho imimoya inamandla futhi ingashintshile kunasezweni, kukhiqizwa amandla amakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lobu buchwepheshe benza kube nokwenzeka ukusizakala ngezindawo ezinkulu zolwandle ngaphandle kokuphazamisa izindawo ezihlala abantu.
Amandla amaza, okungamandla amagagasi, nawo anamandla amakhulu. Ukusebenzisa amadivayisi afana amabhuya angaphansi kwamanzi kanye namajeneretha ezibamba ukunyakaza kwamagagasi, lokhu kunyakaza kungaguqulwa kube ugesi. Nokho, amandla atholakala kumagagasi awavamile kunezinye izinhlobo zamandla, njengamandla olwandle, kodwa amandla okubamba amandla asephezulu.
Izinhlobo zamandla avuselelekayo akhishwa olwandle
Kukhona izigaba ezihlukahlukene zamandla avuselelekayo ezingatholakala emandleni amakhulu olwandle:
- Amandla e-Tidal: Isekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kokukhuphuka nokwehla kwezinga lamanzi okubangelwa amagagasi. Idamu elinesango livumela amanzi ukuthi angene, abese edlula kumaturbine ukuze aphehle ugesi.
- Imisinga yolwandle: Ngokufanayo namandla omoya, kodwa esikhundleni somoya, isebenzisa imisinga yolwandle ukushayela amajeneretha angaphansi kwamanzi.
- Amandla wamagagasi: Ithwebula ukunyakaza kwamagagasi ukuze kukhiqizwe amandla. Lokhu kungase kube okuguquguqukayo ngenxa yezimo zezulu eziguquguqukayo, kodwa izifunda ezithile ezisogwini zinamandla amakhulu.
- Amandla ashisayo olwandle: Kuthatha ithuba lomehluko wokushisa phakathi kwamanzi angaphezulu nolwandle olujulile ukukhiqiza ugesi ngomjikelezo we-thermodynamic, njengomjikelezo we-Rankine.
- Amandla egradient kasawoti: Futhi ebizwa ngokuthi amandla aluhlaza, isekelwe emehlukweni wokugcwala kukasawoti phakathi kwamanzi ahlanzekile namanzi olwandle, isebenzisa izimiso ze-osmosis.
Izinzuzo kanye nezinselelo zamandla olwandle avuselelekayo
Phakathi kwezinzuzo eziphawuleka kakhulu zokuthola amandla olwandle yiwo ukusimama kanye nenala. Njengoba iwumthombo ovuselelekayo ngokuphelele, awukhiqizi ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa noma ukungcoliswa komoya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla olwandle makhulu, futhi kulinganiselwa ukuthi angahlangabezana nezidingo zamandla omhlaba uma esetshenziswa ngokugcwele.
Enye inzuzo ebalulekile ukudala amathuba emisebenzi. Ukuqaliswa kobuchwepheshe basolwandle kungadala izinkulungwane zemisebenzi eqondile nengaqondile, kusukela ekwakhiweni nasekukhiqizeni amathuluzi kuya ekufakweni nasekulungisweni kwawo.
Nokho, zikhona nezinselele ezinkulu. Enye yezinkinga eziyinhloko yi- umthelela wezemvelo. Nakuba amandla avuselelekayo ehlanzekile, ingqalasizinda edingekayo ukuze ikhishwe ingaphazamisa imvelo yasolwandle. Izinjini ezisebenza ngaphansi kwamanzi, isibonelo, zingashintsha imizila yokufuduka kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zasolwandle.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindawo ezifanele zokufaka lobu buchwepheshe azifinyeleleki ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi ngokuvamile zidinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kokuqala ngokwengqalasizinda. Umzamo oqhubekayo uyadingeka ocwaningweni, ekuthuthukisweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwalobu buchwepheshe ukuze busebenze kahle futhi bube nenzuzo.
Amaphrojekthi amanje namandla awo
Emhlabeni jikelele, kunezinhlelo eziningi eziqhubekayo zokusebenzisa amandla olwandle. Ngokwesibonelo, I-EMEC (European Marine Energy Centre) IScotland iyikhaya lobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene obuhlobene nemisinga yolwandle namandla wamagagasi. Futhi eScotland, i Iphrojekthi yeMeyGen Tidal Energy Ingenye yezikhungo ezinkulu zamandla olwandle emhlabeni, enamandla afinyelela ku-270 MW.
Kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, njengeFrance neSouth Korea, ayathuthuka izitshalo zamandla olwandle asebenzisa amadamu ukulawula ukuhamba kwamanzi futhi aphehle ugesi, njengesikhungo iLa Rance eBrittany, esibe yingqalabutho kulobu buchwepheshe kusukela sasungulwa ngo-1967.
Amandla olwandle asesesigabeni sawo sokuthuthuka uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zamandla avuselelekayo njengelanga noma umoya endaweni yoMhlaba. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, amandla abo okufaka isandla kakhulu ekuhlinzekeni kukagesi emhlabeni ayaqhubeka nokukhula.
Ngokutshalwa kwezimali okwanele, ucwaningo olusha nokuzibophezela ekusimameni, izilwandle zingaba umthombo obalulekile wamandla avuselelekayo. Lolu shintsho akumele lusetshenziswe kuphela njengesixazululo samandla, kodwa futhi njengethuba lokudala imiphakathi esimeme ekwaziyo ukubaluleka kwemvelo yasolwandle.