La Amandla wamanzi olwandle Ingenye yemithombo evuselelekayo ethembisayo kakhulu, nakuba ingathuthukisiwe kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa neminye efana nelanga noma umoya. Isekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwamagagasi, ukunyakaza kwamanzi akhiqizwa amandla adonsela phansi okwenziwa kokubili iNyanga kanye neLanga Emhlabeni. Nakuba la mandla enamandla amakhulu, izindleko nobunzima bezobuchwepheshe kwenze ukubambezela ukukhula kwawo emhlabeni jikelele.
Sibonga iphrojekthi exhaswe yi-European Union efana I-FLOTEC (I-Floating Tidal Energy Commercialization), inqubekelaphambili ebonakalayo yenziwa. Le phrojekthi ikwazile ukwenza i-turbine engasebenzi kahle kuphela, kodwa esondela emazingeni okusebenza afana nezinjini zomoya zasogwini lolwandle. Le phrojekthi isebenze njengesibonelo sendlela intuthuko kulo mkhakha okufanele iyilandele ukuze kuguqulwe amandla olwandle abe yinketho esebenzayo neqhudelanayo maduze nje.
Ukwenziwa kwethenjini esebenza kahle
Iphrojekthi ye-FLOTEC yenze i-turbine ephawule ingqophamlando emlandweni wamandla olwandle, ekwazi ukukhiqiza ngaphezu kwe-18 MWh esikhathini esingamahora angama-24 angaphazamiseki. Leli zinga lokusebenza kahle lisondele ngokuphawulekayo ekusebenzeni kwezinjini zomoya zasogwini, okuvula iwindi lamathuba okuthengiswa kwamandla olwandle.
Le mpumelelo ibalulekile njengoba, kuze kube muva nje, amandla olwandle ayengakaguquki njengamanye amandla avuselelekayo. Inzuzo yama-turbine ama-tidal ukuthi asebenzisa ukuminyana okukhulu kwamanzi uma kuqhathaniswa nomoya, okuvumela amandla e-kinetic engeziwe ukuthi athathwe ekujikelezeni ngakunye kwama-blades.
Enye yentuthuko ebalulekile eye yavumela ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-turbine eyakhiwe yi-FLOTEC kube ukwanda kobubanzi be-rotor, ukusuka kumamitha ayi-16 kuye kwangama-20. Lolu shintsho lukhulise ukukhiqizwa kwamandla ngama-50%, okuwuphawu olubalulekile lokuguqula lobu buchwepheshe bube yindlela eyonga ugesi.
Izinzuzo nezinselele zamandla olwandle
Inzuzo eyinhloko yamandla olwandle yiwo ukubikezela. Ngokungafani neminye imithombo evuselelekayo efana nelanga noma umoya, amandla olwandle anenzuzo yokuthi amagagasi ayizenzakalo ezibikezelwayo, okuvumela ukuhlelwa okuphumelelayo kokukhiqizwa kukagesi.
Nokho, izinselele ekuthuthukisweni kwayo ngokugcwele zinkulu. Imvelo yasolwandle iyindawo eyinkimbinkimbi, njengoba idinga ubunjiniyela obuqinile abakwaziyo ukumelana nezimo ezimbi kakhulu, njengokugqwala kwamanzi anosawoti, imiphumela ye-biofouling (ukuqoqwa kwezinto eziphilayo endaweni) kanye nokuguguleka nge-cavitation. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda ngaphansi kolwandle kumelela izindleko eziphakeme kokubili ukufakwa nokunakekelwa.
Enye inselele efanelekile yi- umthelela wezemvelo. Ama-turbines kufanele aklanywe ukuze angaphazamisi kabi izilwane zasolwandle, njengezilwane ezincelisayo noma izinhlanzi. Ngalo mqondo, iphrojekthi ye-FLOTEC yenze inqubekelaphambili ebalulekile ngokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obunciphisa le mithelela, okubalulekile ukuze uthole ukugunyazwa kokulawula kanye nokunciphisa ukuphikisa komphakathi.
Amaphrojekthi we-Tidal energy emhlabeni
Enye yamaphrojekthi abaluleke kakhulu ngokwesilinganiso uhlelo lwamandla olwandle lweMeyGen eScotland, olumele isethi enkulu yama-turbine amaningi asebenzayo emhlabeni. Lolu hlelo lwe-6 MW seluthumele emazweni acishe abe ngu-25 GWh kagesi kuGridi Kazwelonke selokhu lwafakwa kuSigaba 1A, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa okumaphakathi konyaka kwezindlu zaseBrithani ezingaba ngu-3.800.
Mayelana nokusha, iphrojekthi ye-ELEMENTI nayo yenze iminikelo ebalulekile, ithuthukisa a uhlelo lokulawula oluhlakaniphile okwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwama-turbines ngokulindela kangcono kanye nokuphatha imithwalo yemishini ethinta ukusebenza kwawo. Lolu hlobo lobuchwepheshe lungakhuphula ukuphila okusebenzisekayo kwezinjini zomoya futhi lwehlise izindleko zamandla ngaphezu kuka-17% kuwo wonke umjikelezo wabo wokuphila.
Imizamo yesikhathi esizayo nentuthuko
Enye intuthuko ephawulekayo i-Orbital Marine Power O₂ turbine, ethathwa njengenamandla kakhulu emhlabeni enamandla okukhiqiza. I-2 MW. Lobu buchwepheshe buvele busebenza e-Orkney Islands, e-United Kingdom, futhi bunamandla okuhlinzeka ngezindlu ze-2.000 ngonyaka, ngaphezu kokufaka isandla ekukhiqizweni kwe-hydrogen eluhlaza ngokusebenzisa i-electrolysis.
Iphrojekthi ye-D2T2, exhaswe yi-European Union, nayo yenze inqubekelaphambili ekwehliseni izindleko zokusebenza ngo khipha amabhokisi egiya kuma-turbines futhi usebenzise isistimu yokudlulisela ngqo, evumela ukukhiqiza ugesi ngamaza aphansi wesivinini. Lokhu kuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kuvumele izindleko zokukhiqiza amandla olwandle ukuthi zehliswe ngama-30%. Amaphrojekthi afanayo, afana ne-NEMMO, athuthukisa izinto ze-blade ukuze amelane nokuguguleka kanye nemiphumela ye-biofouling ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zasolwandle.
Amandla e-Tidal, nakuba asesesigabeni sokuthuthukiswa uma kuqhathaniswa neminye imithombo, ubuchwepheshe obunamandla okuba omunye wemithombo yamandla evuselelekayo eyinhloko yesikhathi esizayo. Imizamo yamanje yocwaningo kanye nentuthuko esebenza kahle ivula indlela eya ekusasa elihlanzekile, elisimeme, lapho amandla avuselelekayo edlala indima ekhulayo. Ngenxa yokubikezela kwawo, amandla olwandle anikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile ngaphezu kwezinye izinto ezivuselelekayo kanye nengqalasizinda eyanele nokutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu, angasuka ekubeni isithembiso aye eqinisweni elibonakalayo.
Kukhona amandla ahlanzekile anele ngaphezu kokuhlangabezana nezidingo "zomuntu", into esintula yona "umshini", okwazi ukuwuthola futhi uwugxilise kahle futhi uzuze.