Namuhla, abantu abaningi ngokwengeziwe bakhetha ukudla imikhiqizo ye-organic futhi basebenzise imikhuba enempilo. Lo mnyakazo uqhamuka ekuqwashiseni okukhulayo mayelana nokuba khona kwamakhemikhali, amaningi awo anobuthi, ekudleni esikuthenga ezitolo ezinkulu nakwezinye izici zansuku zonke zokuphila kwethu. Nokho, abaningi abangakunaki lokho ikhaya lethu lingaba umthombo wezinto eziyingozi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezinto eziqukethe amakhemikhali ayingozi.
Ngokumangalisayo, lezi zakhi ezinobuthi azikho nje kuphela ekudleni noma ekungcoleni komoya, kodwa futhi naphakathi izinto zokwakha esetshenziswa ezindlini zethu. Isibonelo esivamile usimende, osetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwendlu futhi ongaqukatha izinsimbi ezinzima njenge-chromium ne-zinc. Opende abasuselwa kuphethiloli kanye namavanisha aphinde akhiphe inhlanganisela eshintshashintshayo njenge-toluene nexylene, elimaza ikhwalithi yomoya wasendlini.
Kukulesi simo lapho i- bioconstruction, enye indlela efuna ukuklama amakhaya anempilo, emvelo kakhudlwana futhi ayonga amandla, kusetshenziswa izinto zemvelo ezingazuzisi imvelo kuphela, kodwa futhi zibe nomthelela omuhle empilweni yabantu abahlala kuzo.
Amakhaya emvelo: Impilo, ukunethezeka nokusebenza kahle
Ikhaya lezemvelo alibonakali nje kuphela ngokusetshenziswa kwezinto zemvelo, kodwa futhi lisizakala ngezinzuzo ukwakhiwa kwe-bioclimatic kanye nokuqaliswa kwamandla avuselelekayo. Lolu hlobo lokwakha luvumela amakhaya ukuthi avumelane nezimo zezulu ezizungezile, asebenzise kahle izinsiza ezifana nokukhanya kwelanga, umoya wemvelo kanye namanzi emvula. Konke lokhu kuhumushela kokukhulu ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, ukonga kwezomnotho kanye nokuncipha okukhulu komthelela wezemvelo wezindlu.
Umklamo we-Bioclimatic Ibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwe-bioconstruction, ngoba kusivumela ukuthi sinciphise noma siqede ngisho nesidingo sezinhlelo zokwenziwa zokupholisa umoya, sinciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ngokulandelayo, izinto ezisetshenziswayo, njengokhuni, amatshe kanye nemicu yezitshalo, zingokwemvelo, zivuseleleka futhi zivela emithonjeni yendawo, okunciphisa indawo ezungezile yephrojekthi kuzo zonke izigaba zayo: kusukela ekukhishweni kwezinto kuya ekupheleni kwayo okuwusizo. ukuphila.
Phakathi kwezinzuzo eziyinhloko zalezi zindlu yilezi:
- Induduzo yangaphakathi engcono ngenxa yezinto zemvelo, eziphinde zilawule izinga lokushisa nomswakama kahle.
- Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali anobuthi nezinto ezingcolisa umzimba.
- Amathuba okuhlanganisa amasistimu amandla avuselelekayo, njengamaphaneli elanga noma izinhlelo zokuqoqa amanzi emvula.
Yini okufanele siyicabangele ekwakheni okuluhlaza?
Ukuhlela iphrojekthi ye-bioconstruction kudinga, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukuba neseluleko a uchwepheshe we-ecoarchitecture. Nakuba abaklami bezakhiwo abavamile benomyalelo omuhle wezindlela zokwakha zendabuko, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa uchwepheshe okhethekile kulolu hlobo lwephrojekthi, uma kubhekwa ukuthi igatsha elihlukile ngaphakathi kokwakhiwa.
Esinye isici esibalulekile ukwenza a isifundo se-geobiological yendawo, njengoba izovumela ukuhlonza izinguquko zemvelo ezingaba khona amaphutha e-geological, imisinga yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, Izinkambu zikagesi okubangelwa izintambo zikagesi eziseduze noma iziteshi zamaselula, kanye nokuba khona okungenzeka kwe igesi ye-radon endaweni. Lokhu kuzonciphisa ubungozi obungase buvele ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa noma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuqinisekiswe ikhaya elinempilo elingenazo iziphazamiso.
Manje ngolwazi oluqoqwe futhi luvumelanisa idizayini nezidingo zabanikazi bakusasa, singaqhubekela phambili nephrojekthi. Okubalulekile wukuhlanganisa njalo zonke izigaba zephrojekthi kucatshangelwe indlela yokusimama.
Izinto zemvelo ku-bioconstruction
Enye yezinsika eziyisisekelo ze-bioconstruction ukukhetha izinto zokwakha. Lokhu kumele kuhlangabezane nemibandela yokusimama, impilo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla. Phakathi kwezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yilezi:
1. Izinkuni: Ilungele izakhiwo kanye nokuqeda. Iwumthombo ovuselelekayo uma uvela emapulazini alawulwayo naqinisekisiwe afana ne-FSC. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokuvikela i-insulating futhi iyinto eguquguqukayo kakhulu ngokuya ngomklamo.
2. I-Adobe nomhlaba oyi-rammed (umhlaba ohlangene): Lezi zinto zasendulo zisivumela ukuthi sakhe izakhiwo ezisebenza kahle ezishisayo ezinokuqina okukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulula ukuzigcina futhi zivumela izindonga ukuba ziphefumule.
3. Itshe: Ingenye yezinto ezihlala isikhathi eside ezinokuziphatha okuhle kakhulu ngokumelene ne-thermal inertia, egcina amakhaya epholile ehlobo futhi efudumele ebusika.
4. Ukufakelwa kwemvelo: Zibalulekile ekusebenzeni okushisayo kwekhaya. Phakathi kwezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu i-cellulose, i-wood fiber kanye nokhokho, ngenxa yezimfanelo zabo ezishisayo kanye ne-acoustic. Lezi zinto zivumela ukusebenza kahle kwamandla futhi azikho ngokuphelele izinto ezinobuthi.
5. Imicu yemifino: Ilineni, i-hemp noma utshani ezinye izivikeli zemvelo, ngaphezu kokuthi zivuseleleke futhi ziboleke, zinikeze ukucinana komoya okuhle kakhulu.
Umthelela wemvelo wezinto zokwakha
I-Bioconstruction ihlukaniswa ngendlela ebanzi umjikelezo wokuphila kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo. Akukhona nje ngokwakha ngezisetshenziswa zemvelo, kodwa futhi mayelana nokuhlola ukuthi ziyithinta kanjani imvelo kusukela ekukhishweni kwazo kuya ekulahlweni kwazo kokugcina noma ukusetshenziswa kabusha. Ukusebenzisa izinto ezifana nokhuni noma i-adobe akugcini nje ukufaka isandla ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwegesi, kodwa futhi kukhuthaza umnotho oyindilinga lapho imfucuza ekhiqizwayo incane futhi izinsiza zisetshenziswa kakhulu.
Izinto zokwakha ezintsha zokwenziwa nezivamile zenze izindleko eziphakeme zemvelo, futhi ngokuvamile babe nezinkinga ezifana ubuthi, ukuswela umjuluko futhi i ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic field. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-bioconstruction isekelwe ekusebenziseni izinto eziqinisekisa ukunethezeka kwabahlali, kodwa futhi nokuvikeleka nokusimama kwesikhathi eside.
Iphrojekthi ye-Bala-box: isibonelo se-ecological bioconstruction
Isinyathelo saseSpain esigqamayo emkhakheni we-bioconstruction Iphrojekthi yeBala-box, equkethe indlu encane eyenziwe ngayo ukhuni olwakhiwe ngaphambili namabhulokhi otshani. Lesi siphakamiso sibonisa indlela i-bioconstruction engafinyeleleka ngayo, enempilo futhi ephumelelayo. Lezi zinhlobo zezakhiwo azigcini nje ukunciphisa umthelela wemvelo, kodwa futhi eyonga kakhulu amandla. Amasu asetshenzisiwe kanye nokukhethwa kwezinto kuqinisekisa ukuthi isici ngasinye esiyisisekelo se-bioconstruction sigcwaliseka ngokuphelele, kusukela ekukhethweni kwezinto zokwakha kuya ekwakhiweni kwe-bioclimatic.
Ngokukhula kwesidingo sezindlu ezisimeme, ezemvelo nezinempilo, i-bioconstruction iyaqhubeka nokuzibeka njengenye indlela esebenzayo nefunwayo emkhakheni wezokwakha zesimanje. Kanye ne-bioclimatics, iqinisekisa ukuqina, ukusebenza kahle kanye nomthelela omncane emvelweni.
Ukutshala imali kulolu hlobo lokwakha kusho ukuqinisekisa ukulingana phakathi kwentuthuko nokuhlonipha indawo yethu yemvelo, kuyilapho unikeza indawo yokuhlala enempilo nesebenza kahle esikhathini eside.