Umjikelezo wamanzi nokubaluleka kwawo empilweni yasemhlabeni

Ngokuqinisekile ngesinye isikhathi baye bakuchazela ukuthi uyini umjikelezo wamanzi, leyo nqubo eyisisekelo ebilokhu yenzeka emhlabeni izigidi zeminyaka. Kodwa ingabe siyazazi ngempela zonke izigaba zayo? Kusukela lapho amanzi edlula ngendlela yemvula, iqhwa noma isichotho, aze ahwamuke futhi akhe amafu, umjikelezo wamanzi udlala indima ebalulekile, hhayi nje kuphela ebukhoneni bethu, kodwa nasekulinganiseni kwemvelo. Isiteji ngasinye simelela isixhumanisi ochungechungeni oluvumela ukuphila ukuthi kuqhubeke nendlela yakho emhlabeni.

Ingabe unentshisekelo yokuthola ngokuningiliziwe ukubaluleka kwalo mjikelezo obalulekile? Okulandelayo, sizohlaziya isigaba ngasinye somjikelezo wamanzi, sihlola ukusebenza kwawo kanye nokuhlobana kwempilo yasemhlabeni.

Uyini umjikelezo wamanzi?

Umjikelezo wamanzi, owaziwa nangokuthi umjikelezo we-hydrological, inqubo eqhubekayo amanzi ahamba ngayo eMhlabeni nasemoyeni. Phakathi nalo mjikelezo, amanzi aba nezinguquko zesimo phakathi koketshezi, okuqinile (iqhwa), negesi (umhwamuko wamanzi). Ayinaso isiqalo noma indawo yokugcina, njengoba iyisimo somjikelezo, kodwa singachaza ukusebenza kwayo ngokulingisa “isiqalo” esivela olwandle, lapho ukuhwamuka okuningi kwenzeka khona.

Umjikelezo wamanzi injini egcina ukuphila eMhlabeni, njengoba inikeza amanzi kukho kokubili okuphilayo kanye nemvelo. Ngaphandle kwalo mjikelezo, uMhlaba ubuyoba iplanethi ewugwadule nengenabungane. Amandla elanga angamandla ayinhloko aqhuba lo mjikelezo, ukushisa amanzi olwandle, amachibi nemifula, futhi avumele ukujikeleza kwamanzi njalo ngezindlela zawo ezahlukene.

Ukuqonda umjikelezo wamanzi ngokujula kubalulekile ekwaziseni nasekuvikeleni lo mthombo wemvelo, njengoba ubalulekile njengoba unomkhawulo.

Izigaba zomjikelezo wamanzi

Umjikelezo wamanzi wakhiwa izigaba ezihlukahlukene, ngasinye sinendima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusatshalaliswa kwamanzi emhlabeni. Ngezansi, sizochaza ngasinye salezi zigaba ngokujulile:

1. Ukuhwamuka

La ukuhwamuka Kuyinqubo lapho amanzi asuka oketshezini aye endaweni enegesi. Lesi simo senzeka lapho ukushisa kwelanga kufinyelela ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini njengolwandle, imifula noma amachibi, futhi kubangela ukuba amanzi ahwamuke, akhuphukele emkhathini njengomhwamuko.

Isici esithakazelisayo ukuthi izitshalo nazo zineqhaza kule nqubo by ukujuluka, ekhipha umhwamuko wamanzi emaqabunga awo. Eqinisweni, ingxenye enkulu yamanzi akhuphukela emkhathini ivela kule nqubo ehlanganisiwe, eyaziwa ngokuthi ukuphefumula.

Nakuba lo mhwamuko ungabonakali, inani lamanzi elihwamuka nsuku zonke likhulu kakhulu. Idlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni izinga lokushisa kanye nokugcina ibhalansi yamanzi.

2. Ukujiya

Ngemva kokufika ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zomkhathi, umhwamuko uyaphola futhi uguquke ube amaconsi amancane, into eyaziwa ngokuthi. ukufingqa. Le nqubo inesibopho sokwakheka kwamafu nenkungu.

Amaconsi amanzi akhayo adinga ama-condensation nuclei, njengothuli noma izinhlayiya zikasawoti, ukuze ahlangane futhi akhe. Njengoba la maconsi eqhubeka ekhula futhi namafu eba aminyene, sidlulela esigabeni esilandelayo somjikelezo.

3. Imvula

Uma amaconsi amanzi efwini eba makhulu ngokwanele, awela eMhlabeni esesimweni sika-a imvula. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezulu imvula, iqhwa, isichotho nesithwathwa. Kuye ngezinga lokushisa lomkhathi, amanzi azowela esimweni esiwuketshezi noma esiqinile.

Ezindaweni ezibanda kakhulu, ukuna kwezulu kwenzeka esimweni esiqinile, njengeqhwa noma isichotho, kodwa uma izinga lokushisa likhuphuka futhi noma lincibilika, umjikelezo uyaqhubeka nokubuya kwamanzi oketshezi emifuleni, emachibini nasezilwandle.

4. Ukungena

Amanye amanzi avela emvuleni awabuyeli ngokushesha olwandle, kodwa anjalo iyangena I phansi. Lapha, amanzi angamuncwa izitshalo noma agcinwe ngaphansi komhlaba njengamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Lezi zingqimba zamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-aquifers, zakha indawo yokugcina amanzi ebalulekile ezifundeni eziningi zeplanethi.

Ukungena kuncike ezintweni eziningana, njengokungena kwenhlabathi kanye nokuba khona kwezimila. Emhlabathini okwazi ukungena emanzini, amanzi angangena kalula, kuyilapho enhlabathini ehlangene kakhulu noma embozwe izinto ezifana ne-asphalt, ukungena kuncane.

5. Ukugeleza kwamanzi

Amanzi angangeni enhlabathini ahamba phezu komhlaba njenge ukugeleza kwamanzi. La manzi ageleza emifuleni nasemifudlaneni, athuthe inzika olwandle nasezilwandle. I-Runoff iyinqubo eyinhloko yokumodela indawo kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwezakhi ku-ecosystem.

Ezifundeni ezinemvula enkulu, ukugeleza kwamanzi kungaholela ezikhukhuleni, kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuphatha kahle imithombo yamanzi nokwakha ingqalasizinda evimbela izinhlekelele zemvelo.

Ezinye izinqubo zesibili zomjikelezo wamanzi

Ngaphezu kwezigaba eziyinhloko esizishilo, kunezinye izinqubo zesibili ezidlala indima ebalulekile emjikelezweni wamanzi:

• Ukuzungeza ngaphansi komhlaba: Amanzi angenile angajikeleza ngaphansi komhlaba, ondle amanzi angaphansi komhlaba kanye nemithombo. Lezi zindikimba zamanzi angaphansi komhlaba zibalulekile ekuhlinzekweni kwamanzi okuphuza ezifundeni eziningi.
• Umjuluko: Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, izitshalo zikhulula amanzi amaningi emkhathini, okufaka isandla ekwakhekeni kwamafu kanye nokulawulwa kwesimo sezulu.
• Thaw: Ukuncibilika kwezinguzunga zeqhwa namaqhwa entwasahlobo kunomthelela omkhulu emjikelezweni wamanzi, okuhlinzeka ngamanzi emifuleni nasemachibini phakathi nezinyanga ezifudumele.

Ukubaluleka komjikelezo wamanzi

Umjikelezo wamanzi ubalulekile ukuze kulondolozwe ukuphila eMhlabeni. Ngale nqubo, amanzi asatshalaliswa ngokuqhubekayo kuyo yonke imvelo, okuvumela izitshalo, izilwane kanye nabantu ukuthi bafinyelele lo mthombo obalulekile. Ukwengeza, umjikelezo wamanzi udlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni isimo sezulu, ukusatshalaliswa kwezakhi, nokuguguleka kwenhlabathi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi umjikelezo wamanzi awukhululekile ekuguqulweni. I ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, the ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nemisebenzi yabantu ingathinta kakhulu ukulingana komjikelezo, kubangele isomiso, izikhukhula kanye noshintsho lwamaphethini emvula.

Ukuqonda umjikelezo wamanzi nokubaluleka kwawo akusivumeli nje kuphela ukuthi siwuhloniphe lo mthombo, kodwa futhi kusimema ukuthi sithathe izinyathelo zokuwulondoloza futhi siwuvikele ezinsongweni ezingase zibe khona.

Umjikelezo wamanzi, naphezu kokuba isimiso semvelo esibonakala singapheli, sincike kakhulu ezenzweni zethu. Ukulawulwa kwamanzi okusimeme kanye nokongiwa kwemvelo yethu kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi lo mjikelezo uyaqhubeka nokusebenza ngendlela efanele esikhathini esizayo.