Kukhulunywa kakhulu ngaso amandla ampunga ukukhombisa ukuthi umthelela kwezemvelo yomkhiqizo noma impahla ayikhawulelwe ezingxenyeni zayo ezibonakalayo. Lo mthelela ofihliwe umelelwa amandla ampunga, noma "amandla ahlanganisiwe" ngesiNgisi, esichaza inani lamandla asetshenziswa kuwo wonke umjikelezo wokuphila womkhiqizo, kusukela ekukhishweni kwezinto ezingavuthiwe ukuya ekulahlweni kwawo kokugcina noma ekugayweni kabusha. Nakuba kungabonakali kumthengi wokugcina, umthelela wale mandla ubaluleke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezinqubweni zezimboni.
Yini amandla ampunga?
La amandla ampunga yiwo wonke amandla ahilelekile ku Producción, ezokuthutha, ushintsho y sebenzisa yomkhiqizo noma impahla. Lo mqondo uhlanganisa yonke into kusukela emandleni adingekayo ukuze kukhishwe izinto zokusetshenziswa kuye emandleni asetshenziswa ekugayweni kabusha noma ekulahleni kokugcina komkhiqizo. Kuvamise ukufakwa ekuhlaziyweni komjikelezo wempilo yomkhiqizo ukuze kukale umthelela wezemvelo global, futhi kuyisihluthulelo sokuqonda izindleko zangempela zamandla emikhiqizo esiyisebenzisayo.
Amazinga wamandla ampunga
Amandla ampunga angacatshangwa emazingeni amaningana:
- La ukwakha kwempahla noma umkhiqizo.
- La isizinda yezinto zokusetshenziswa.
- El ezokuthutha yalezo zinto zokusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni noma ezimbonini zokuhlanganisa.
- La ushintsho wezinto ezingavuthiwe zibe yimikhiqizo eqediwe.
- La ukumaketha kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwemikhiqizo eshiwo.
- El sebenzisa noma ukusetshenziswa komkhiqizo kukho konke ukuphila kwawo okuwusizo.
- El buyisela kabusha noma isimo sokugcina somkhiqizo.
Umehluko phakathi kwamandla ampunga avuselelekayo nangavuseleleki
Umqondo wamandla ampunga ungahlukaniswa ube izigaba ezimbili, kuye ngokuthi avela emithonjeni evuselelekayo noma engavuseleleki. I amandla ampunga angavuseleleki isho amandla acutshunguliwe avela kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi noma eminye imithombo engavuseleleki, kuyilapho amandla ampunga avuselelekayo Iphuma emandleni afana nelanga, umoya noma ugesi wamanzi. Ezimweni eziningi, umehluko phakathi kwalokhu kokubili ubalulekile ukuze kuhlolwe umthelela wemvelo womkhiqizo, njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ampunga angavuseleleki kunomthelela ngokuqondile ekukhishweni kwesisi esibamba ukushisa.
Umthelela wamandla ampunga ezakhiweni
Omunye wemikhakha lapho umqondo wamandla ampunga usetshenziswa kakhulu uku ukwakhiwa. Eqinisweni, kuya ngokuya kubonakala ukuthi amabhilidi angaba kanjani abathengi abakhulu bamandla ampunga ngaphambi kokuthi aqale ukusebenza. Ukukhishwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe ezifana usimende nensimbi, kanye nokuthutha kwazo okwalandela, kanye nokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo, kudinga inani elikhulu lamandla. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kwezinye izakhiwo, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ampunga kungamela kufika ku-30% wengqikithi yokusetshenziswa kwendawo esikhathini esiyiminyaka engama-50.
Amandla ampunga ezakhiweni awagcini nje esigabeni sokwakha; Kuhlanganisa futhi amandla asetshenziswa ekunakekeleni, ekulungiseni nasekuvuseleleni impilo yakho yonke ewusizo. Ukwengeza, uma kufika isikhathi sokubhidliza, amandla adingekayo ukuze kuhlakazwe futhi kulawuleke imfucuza yokwakha nawo aba yingxenye yomthwalo wamandla ampunga esakhiwo. Lokhu kugqamisa ukubaluleka kokukhetha izinto ezisebenza ngamandla ampunga kanye nokuklama izakhiwo ezisebenzisa izinsiza ezimbalwa kukho konke ukuphila kwazo.
Indlela yokunciphisa amandla ampunga?
Ukunciphisa umthelela wamandla ampunga wemikhiqizo nezakhiwo, kunamasu amaningana abalulekile angasetshenziswa:
- Sebenzisa izinto ezigaywe kabusha: Ukukhetha izinto esezigaywe kabusha kunciphisa inani lamandla adingekayo ukuze kukhishwe futhi kucutshungulwe izinto ezingavuthiwe.
- Lungiselela isakhiwo: Ukudizayina amabhilidi nemikhiqizo esebenzisa izinto ezimbalwa noma ehlala isikhathi eside kunganciphisa kakhulu amandla ampunga ahlobene.
- Khuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo: Ngokwezinga okungenzeka ngalo, izimboni nezitshalo zokukhiqiza kufanele zikhethe ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza imikhiqizo.
- Ezokuthutha ezisebenzayo: Khetha imithombo yezinto zokusetshenziswa eduze nezikhungo zokukhiqiza futhi unciphise izinto zokuhamba ezingadingekile.
Amandla ampunga nokonga kwamandla emikhiqizweni
Isici esithakazelisayo samandla ampunga ukuthi ngokuvamile adlula umthelela wamandla asetshenziswa umkhiqizo ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwawo. Lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi ku- Imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi kanye nezinto zikagesi. EYurophu, izinto zikagesi zasendlini zisebenzisa isilinganiso samandla ampunga ngokuphindwe kabili kunamandla aqondile ngesikhathi sokusebenziseka kwazo. Isibonelo esihle kakhulu izimoto zesimanje, okuthi nakuba zinciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, zidinga inani elikhulu lamandla ampunga ukuze zenze izinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe zobuchwepheshe eziwahlanganisayo, njenge-GPS namakhompyutha angaphakathi ebhodini. Ngakho-ke, noma yiliphi isu ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kufanele icabangele ibhalansi ephelele yamandla ampunga ahilelekile.
Kungenzeka yini ukubala wonke amandla ampunga?
Nakuba kukhona amathuluzi nezindlela zokubala amandla ampunga, ukwenza ukubala okunembile kungaba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngenxa yokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke kwamaketanga wokuhlinzeka. Umkhiqizo obonakala ulula ungase ube nezingxenye ezikhiqizwa emazweni ahlukene, ngalinye lisebenzisa amandla alo. Ngokwesibonelo, a smartphone Yakhiwe ngamakhulu ezingxenye nezinto zokwakha, izinto zazo zokusetshenziswa ezikhishwe ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba, zicutshungulwe ezitshalweni ezihlukahlukene, bese zihlanganiswa futhi zisakazwe zisuka kwenye indawo. Le nqubo ihilela inani elikhulu lezokuthutha futhi ngenxa yalokho amandla ampunga.
Naphezu kobunzima bokubala ingxenye ngayinye yamandla ampunga, kunemininingwane yolwazi efana I-Ecoinvent okukuvumela ukuthi ube nombono ojwayelekile wendawo yamandla imikhiqizo ethile noma amasevisi okungenzeka abe nawo.
Ngamafuphi, ukucabangela amandla ampunga ekusetshenzisweni kwethu kwansuku zonke kubalulekile ekuqhubekeleni phambili ekusaseni elisimeme. Ngokwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi sikhethe imikhiqizo edinga amandla amancane ampunga noma egaywa kabusha, singanciphisa yethu umthelela wezemvelo futhi ubambe iqhaza ekongeni amandla omhlaba. Ukubeka kuqala imikhiqizo yasendaweni, ukusebenzisa kabusha izinto kanye nokukhetha ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhiqiza kubaluleka kulo msebenzi.